Vol 13 Iss 6

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Creative Technologies: A Retrospective

Andy M. Connor

Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Wellesley Street, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: andrew.connor@aut.ac.nz

This paper undertakes an analysis of articles published in the area of Creative Technologies to inform the future development of the field. Articles were collated in a corpus and analysis conducted around keywords, content and authorship. The observations arising from the analysis is that there is some empirical evidence to support that Creative Technologies is an interdisciplinary field of research, with individuals having expertise across multiple domains having the potential to connect otherwise disparate disciplines. The results of the paper support some assertions around the nature of Creative Technologies, however it also suggests that more work is required to scope the field and change is required to secure a future for the Creative Technologies communities of practice. Pages 1 to 23

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The President’s Contribution to Dissolving Parliament in the Parliamentary System

Arkan Abbass Hamza^a, Yasir Otaiwi Abbood^b, Hussein Jabbar Abed Alnayli^c, ^a,cBabylon University-College of Law, ^bKarbala University-college of Law, Email: ^aarkan_khafaji@yahoo.com,  ^byasir.arri@yahoo.com,  ^ch.alnaeli@yahoo.com

It is possible to reconcile the position of the President of the Republic with the principle of the duality of the executive branch in the parliamentary system, if it is independent of the Council of Ministers. The Iraqi constitution took the dissolution of parliament, but in the form of a ministerial solution, while adhering to that by the House of Representatives vote on it, and this is contrary to the characteristics of the parliamentary system. The constitutional legislator in Iraq did not explain the reasons for dissolving the parliament, and this is a welcome approach. The Iraqi legislator did not restrict the dissolution of the parliament by not permitting the dissolution again for the same reason or other reasonable restrictions. The role of the President of the Republic in the stage of proposing the dissolution of the Parliament is dependent on the Prime Minister submitting a request for dissolution. The role of the President of the Republic in the stage of separation in dissolving the House of Representatives depends on the members of the House itself. The Iraqi constitution lacked adequate guarantees that compel the President of the Republic to call elections during the period prescribed in the constitution. Pages 24 to 35

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Students’ Progress in Integrated Thematic Learning with Scientific Approaches

Yeni Erita^a, Riyadhil Jannah^b, Yanti Fitria^c, Rifda Eliyasni^d, ^a,b,c,dUniversitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia, Email: ^ayenierita@fip.unp.ac.id,  ^briyadhil_jannah94@yahoo.com,  ^cyanti_fitria@fip.unp.ac.id,  ^drifdaeliyasni@fip.unp.ac.id

This study describes the improvement of integrated thematic learning with a scientific approach in Bukittinggi City Primary School. The approach used in this study was a qualitative and quantitative approach to classroom action. The results of research in planning the first cycle learning was 83.4% and increased in the second cycle to 93.1%. The results of the implementation of the actions of the first cycle teacher was 72% and increased in the second cycle to 90.6%. The results of the implementation in terms of the activities of students in cycle I, was 72%, and increased in cycle II to 96%. Pages 36 to 48

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Investment Analysis of Rattan Farmers in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Ali Supriadi^a, Rajindra^b, Mohd. Nasir Bin Nawawi^c*, Rasmi Nur Anggraeni^d, ^a,b,cUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu, ^dUniversitas Muhammadiyah Palu, Indonesia, Email: ^c*nasir@umt.edu.my

This study aims to determine the production of rattan, financial analysis, sensitivity, and monetary policy. The location of this research was conducted in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province and the object of research was rod rattan, rattan symbol, bitter rattan, noko rattan, and wood. The sampling method uses a stratified random sampling system. To find out the financial feasibility, an analysis is carried out using the Pay Back Period, Net Present Value, Net B / C, Internal Rate of Return, and monetary policy models. After sensitivity analysis, all types of rattan combined with Suren wood at a 5% discount are still feasible. Bank interest rate policy given to farmers is not more than 5%. The results also showed that optimum rattan production was achieved at 33 years old while optimum suren wood production was reached at 25 years old. Pages 49 to 58

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Assets as Welfare Instruments: The Interpretation in Local Financial Management Perspectives

La Ode Anto^a*, Unti Ludigdo^b, Alimuddin^c, Grace T. Pontoh^d, ^aHalu Oleo University, Indonesia ^bBrawijaya University, Indonesia ^cHasanuddin University, Indonesia ^dHasanuddin University Indonesia, Email: ^a*laodeanto@gmail.com

This study discusses the interpretation of local government assets. This study aims to uncover the interpretation of local government assets in the actors’ perspective. Researchers use the interpretive paradigm with a phenomenological approach. This study was conducted in Kendari City with local financial management officials as research informants. The study results showed that assets were interpreted as welfare instruments, both individual, organisational and society welfare. The assets usage to improve the society welfare was more important than the individual and organisations’ welfare. It was indicated that the value of social welfare exceeds the personal interest. Efforts to realise the ideals of prosperity in assets’ usage were a reflection of leadership norms to always adhere to principles of prevailing legal norms and systems, and these all come from God teachings through religion and customs. This study was expected to contribute to enrich the concept of public sector assets, especially local government assets and can be utilised by local governments to develop a more effective and efficient asset management and reporting system. Pages 59 to 77

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The Enhancement of Fishers’ Economic Community: A Case of Gorontalo, Indonesia

Frahmawati Bumulo^a*, Sri Umi Mintarti Widjaja^b, Budi Eko Soetjipto^c, Hari Wahyono^d, ^aDoctoral Program in Economic Education, Universitas Negeri Malang/Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia, ^b,c,dFaculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia, Email: ^a*frahmawatibumulo@ung.ac.id

This study aimed to develop an enhancement economic-based model for fishers in the coastal area in Gorontalo of Indonesia. The variables studied were a model of economic development based on fishing communities, social conditions of fishing communities, fishing community education, fisheries and processed products, and tourism objects. This paper applied a development study using a design-based research approach. The data were gathered through in-depth interviews with fishers and related agencies. There are several stages to develop a model, including identifying problems and analysing needs, developing product prototypes, testing, and the evaluating of economic-based fisheries community. From this study, it can be found that with the application of various stages of appropriate development and cooperation from various parties, related institutions, financial institutions, and private and coastal fishing communities, it is expected it will increase the income of the coastal fishing communities in Gorontalo of Indonesia. Pages 78 to 90

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Evaluation of Educational Supervisors of Primary School Teachers in Relation to Effective Teaching Skills

Raheem Abd Jassim Alzamili^a, Fatima Hawan Mohammed^b*, ^aDepartment of Quranic & Linguistics, College of Islamic Sciences, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq, ^bUniversity of Al-Qadisiyah, Email: ^b*fatimah.hawan@qu.edu.iq

The study aimed to identify the opinion of educational supervisors in the use of the three teaching skills (planning, implementation and evaluation) in evaluating the performance of primary school teachers in the city of Diwaniyah. It also aimed to know the opinion of the educational supervisor in the arrangement of these skills in terms of importance and to indicate the extent of the views of supervisors in evaluating the performance of teachers by gender and specialty. To achieve the objectives of the research, a tool was made up of 42 items distributed on the three fields of study (planning, implementation and evaluation) applied to a sample of supervisors, who are 74 in number.  The researchers have investigated the psychometric properties of the scale from validity and consistency and the data has been statistically processed through using the mean, standard deviation and the second test. The research came out with a set of results, reached a number of conclusions and made a number of recommendations and suggestions. Pages 106 to 126

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The Identification of the Morphological and Hydro-Oceanography Characteristics of Kaledupa Island

Al Azhar^a*, Ario Damar^b, Dietriech G. Bengen^c, Agus S. Atmadipoera^d, ^aLPPPTK KPTK, Ministry of Education and Culture, Indonesia, ^bDepartment of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, ^cDepartment of Marine Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia, ^dCenter for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia, Email: ^a*rahzala023@gmail.com

This study aims to identify the morphology and hydro-oceanography characteristics of Kaledupa Island as small island management input. Data used were Landsat 8 OLI Imagery (2016) and Worldview 2 (2013) to define beach typology; SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data was obtained from ftp:/topex.ucsd.edu/pub/srtm30_plus/srtm30/data/ to determine land elevation and its slope, and seafloor topography; and dataset (in 2017) downloaded from http://marine.copernicus.eu/ to illustrate hydro-oceanography parameters (currents, waves, and sea level temperature). Data processing applied were Global Mapper 18, Surfer 13, and ArcMap 10.3 (to analyse SRTM data); Ferret version 6.02 and WRPlot View (for currents, waves, and sea level temperature). Results showed that the northern part of the island consists of sandy and vegetated beaches (mangrove), whereas the beach on the southern part are dominated by rocky and sandy beaches; land elevation ranges between 0-180 m; land slope ranges between 0 to 53.7o; bathymetric value ranges from 0 to -1,800 m; the current speed reaches 0.2 m per second in July; the highest waves occurred in June at the range of 0.70-0.80 m; while the highest surface temperatures (around 30.5oC) occur from April to May and November. Pages 127 to 153

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Factors Affecting the Implementation of the Teaching Factory in Vocational High Schools of Mechanical Engineering in East Java Indonesia

Dani Irawan^a*, Haris Anwar Syafrudie^b, Dwi Agus Sudjimat^c, Isnandar^d, ^a,b,c,dFaculty of Engineering, State University of  Malang, Indonesia, Email: ^a*the_boymaster2@yahoo.com

This study aims to find out the factors that significantly influence the model of the Teaching Factory (Tefa) implementation in terms of management, workshop, learning, human resources, marketing, industrial relations, and products in Vocational High Schools of Mechanical Engineering in East Java Indonesia. Data was taken from 105 teachers in 7 schools. Data analysis techniques used SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) with SPSS version 23 and AMOS 21. The results showed that the factors that significantly affected the product were management, workshop, learning and human resources. Factors that significantly influenced the implementation of Tefa were management, workshop, marketing and products. The interpretation of this relationship structure is that management, the availability of proper workshops, the availability of marketing and the presence of high products or productivity results, determines the determinants in the implementation of Tefa. Pages 154 to 174

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Teachers’ Reflection; A Critical Classroom Discourse Analysis

Aprilia Susanti^a, Pratiwi Retnaningdyah^b, Ahmad Munir^c, Slamet Setiawan^d*, ^a,b,c,dUniversitas Negeri Surabaya; 1Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri, Indonesia, Email: ^d*slametsetiawan@unesa.ac.id

Reaching out to parents is challenging, especially for teachers. However, dominance, oppression, control or negligence is the issue in the home-school connection activity. Through a two hour reflective practice, five English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers share the personal experiences they have encountered during a home-school connection activity. The framework of classroom critical discourse analysis (CCDA) and multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) are carried out to reveal: what EFL home-school connection looks like; the biggest challenge the teacher encounters; and how meaning is made around EFL home-school connection across semiotic modes of teachers’ reflection. This study found that: 1) every participant indicates a different way of reaching out to parents; 2) the biggest challenge for each participant is different from one another, meaning that it is personal and context-based; and 3) verbal and non-verbal text such as semiotic devices indicate how participants make meaning of the home-school connection activity, particularly when dealing with parents. Pages 175 to 192

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Examining the Student Entrepreneurship Intention using TPB Approach with Gender as Moderation Variable

Andi Muhammad Sadat^a, Mei-Lan Lin^b, ^aDepartment of Business and Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ^bDepartment of Hospitality Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science & Technology, Taiwan, Email: ^aandims@unj.ac.id,  ^bmllin@stust.edu.tw

The purpose of this study is to find factors that influence student entrepreneurial intention by examining variables in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991), that have been widely used in predicting behavioural intention namely: attitude toward behaviour; perceived behavioural control; and subjective norm; by placing gender as a moderating variable between subjective norm and behavioural intention. A total of 306 students from several departments within the Faculty of Economics-Jakarta State University were involved in filling out the questionnaire by performing convenient sampling techniques. The analysis was carried out using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method with PLS v2.0 M3. The results indicate that attitude toward behaviour and perceived behavioural control significantly influence the entrepreneurial intention, while gender has a quasi-moderation role in a negative direction. It means that gender has the reducing effect of subjective norms on students' entrepreneurial intention. Pages 193 to 207

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Online Evaluation and Tourist Purchase Behaviours for Urban Homestay Selection

Jing Yu^a*, Kuo-Yan Wang^b, ^a,bGuangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, China Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia, Email: ^a*yujing789@126.com

Homestays are an accommodation option many tourists are willing to consider. Compared to rural tourism online purchase behaviours, tourists place more emphasis on the location, environment and facilities at urban homestays. This study analysed the influencing factors for urban homestay accommodation based on online tourist ratings and comments to explore the impact of urban homestay purchase behaviours. Tourists intending to book homestay accommodation online were interviewed and analysed using descriptive analysis to assess the degree to which they paid attention to and trusted online evaluations. It was found that tourists tended to pay attention to online evaluations when making their homestay accommodation selections and paid particular attention to negative reviews. Therefore, it was concluded that online evaluations played a significant role in online purchase behaviours for urban homestay accommodation. Pages 208 to 219

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The Effect of Range of Motion Exercise on Blood Pressure, Pulse and Sleep Quality among Hypertensive Patients

Nursalam Nursalam^a*, Yotide Aventus Irwindi^b, Lailatun Nimah^c, Ferry Efendi^d, ^a,c,dFaculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Campus C Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115, ^bStudent Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Campus C Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115, Email: ^a*nursalam@fkp.unair.ac.id

Range of motion exercise is a simple nursing action that has many benefits and is easy to do independently. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of range of motion exercise on the blood pressure, pulse and sleep quality of hypertensive patients. This study used quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design, including pre-test and post-test with a control group approach. The total population was 139 patients. A sample of 70 respondents was determined by stratified random sampling according to the inclusion criteria. The independent variable was the range of motion exercise conducted for seven consecutive days. The dependent variables were blood pressure, pulse and sleep quality. Data was obtained through the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) instrument and observation sheet. Research data were analysed using paired t-test and MANOVA. The results showed that the differences between the treatment and control groups were changes in blood pressure (p = 0.00), pulse (p = 0.00) and sleep quality (p = 0.00). MANOVA hypothesis test results obtained p = 0.00. Range of motion exercise affects the blood pressure, pulse and sleep quality of hypertensive patients at Primary Health Care. Pages 220 to 234

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Determinants of Organisational Commitment on Nurse’s Performance

Sirajudin Noor^a, Nursalam Nursalam^b*, Tintin Sukartini^c, ^aDoctoral Program of Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya,  Indonesia, 60115 ^b,cFaculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Campus C Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115, Email: ^b*nursalam@fkp.unair.ac.id

The role of organisational commitment is significant to improve the quality of nurse performance to achieve high patient satisfaction. This study aimed to identify the determinants of organisational commitment on nurse’s performance. The research method used was a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The population was clinical nurses in four hospitals in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.  The total sample was 105 respondents obtained by purposive sampling. Independent variables were organisational characteristics, nurse’s characteristics, job characteristics, work experience characteristics, and beliefs. The dependent variable was the nurse’s performance. The data was obtained by questionnaire and analysed by logistic regression.  The results showed that organisational characteristics (T = 3.776; p = 0.000) and beliefs (T = 2.030; p = 0.045) have a significant correlation with the nurse’s performance. This research concluded that good nurse performance can be improved through strengthening organisational characteristics namely: reward; management by objectives (MBO); selection; training and development; leadership; and organisational structure. As well it can be improved through beliefs namely: perception of vulnerability and seriousness; benefits: resistance; and self-efficacy. Pages 235 to 248

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The Lived Experience of Women with Breast Cancer

Tintin Sukartini^a*, Lingga Curnia Dewi^b, Hanik Endang Nihayati^c, Nadia Rohmatul Laili^d, I Ketut Tirka Nandaka^e, Anita Nugraheni^f, ^a,b,c,dFaculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Campus C Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115 ^eDepartment of Psychiatric, Dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital, Wonokromo, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60244, ^fDr. Ramelan Navy Hospital, Wonokromo, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60244, Email: ^a*tintin-s@fkp.unair.ac.id

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Women with breast cancer face many psychosocial and physical problems. In addition, such women have to deal with treatment problems, physical changes, feelings of loss and uncertainty, self-reconstruction, and changes in social interaction and support. This study aims to explore and identify their life experiences while undergoing chemotherapy. A phenomenological approach was used to explore the meaning of life with breast cancer for women undergoing chemotherapy at Surabaya, Indonesia. The patient's feelings and life experience with breast cancer were explored by using in-depth interviews with 30 women between 26 and 65 years. The results of this study reveal that the diagnosis of breast cancer produces various emotional responses. Participants explained their experience of living with breast cancer as losing something important, lack of self-confidence, living with fear, emotional dizziness and the need to be supported in the negative aspects of breast cancer and helping to explore new aspects of life as a positive aspect of this event. These findings have the potential to lessen health disparities in increasing utilisation of psychosocial treatments by Indonesian women with breast cancer.Pages 249 to 262

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Mirror Therapy using Cylindrical Grip Muscle Strength and Extremity Range of Motion

Nursalam Nursalam^a*, Iqlima Dwi Kurnia^b, Bernadetta Germia Aridamayanti^c, ^aProfessor of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya,  Indonesia, 60115, ^bLecturer of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Campus C Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115, ^cStudent of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Campus C Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115, Email: ^a*nursalam@fkp.unair.ac.id

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the world, after heart disease and cancer. The main disability in productive age is caused by stroke. This study aimed to analyse the effect of the mirror therapy combination of cylindrical grip muscle strength, upper limb range of motion and post-stroke client self-care, at the two hospitals in Banjarmasin. A quantitative research design was used, with a quasi-experimental research design. The sample comprised 66 respondents. Interventions involved giving mirror therapy combined cylindrical grip three times a week for four weeks. Researchers used a handgrip dynamometer to measure limb strength over post-stroke clients. A goniometer tool assessed a joint range of motion and questionnaire as to the modification of the level of independence of patients, in fulfilling post-stroke client self-care. Analysis of the data in this study used normality tests with Kolmogorov Smirnov. Analysis of each group pre-test and post-test used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, while the post-test value of each group using MANOVA. The results showed that Muscle Strength (p=0.000) and Range of Motion (p=0.000) have a significant effect with  Mirror Therapy of Cylindrical Grip Combination. The effect of mirror therapy combined cylindrical grip muscle strength and upper limb range of motion. It can be applied to nurses and physiotherapists to carry out complementary therapy. It can also be used as a support for pharmacological therapy to increase muscle strength and upper limb range of motion.Pages 263 to 275

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Combining Essential Ginger Oil and Acupressure Relaxation Techniques for Cancer Patients, Post-Chemotherapy

Tintin Sukartini^a*, Gustini Gustini^b, Ilya Krisnana^c, ^a,b,cFaculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115, Email: ^a*tintin-s@fkp.unair.ac.id

An intervention with the aroma of ginger essential oil and relaxation techniques, upon acupressure meridian PC6, could reduce nausea and vomiting,  and increase comfort and decrease anorexia. However, the research has not been found to prove effectiveness if these two interventions are combined. This research explains the effect of combinations of the aroma of ginger essential oil and relaxation techniques, upon acupuncture meridian PC6, on nausea, vomiting, comfort and anorexia. Quantitative research was designed for a Quasi- Experiment with pre-post-test control group design (four groups pre- post-test). This research was upon a population of cancer patients post chemotherapy, who experienced nausea and vomiting. Non-probability consecutive sampling was used to select 30 respondents for each group, according to inclusion criteria. The research variables were essential ginger oil aroma, relaxation technique acupressure upon meridian PC6, nausea, vomiting, comfort, and anorexia. The instruments used were a nausea and vomiting questionnaire, an anorexia questionnaire, and a shortened general comport questionnaire (GCQ) analysed using MANOVA. There was a decrease in nausea and vomiting p=0,000, an increase in comfort p=0,000, a decrease in anorexia p=0,000 before and after the intervention of a combination of ginger essential oil and relaxation technique upon the acupressure PC6 meridian. The combination of essential ginger aroma and relaxation techniques for acupressure meridian PC6 were one of the alternative interventions that was effective in reducing nausea and vomiting, increasing comfort, decreasing anorexia in cancer patients.Pages 276 to 290

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The Role of Value Stream Costing in Reducing Product Costs: An Empirical Study

Laith Mahdi Azeez^a, Nidhal Mohammed Ridha Mohsin^b*, ^a,bAccounting Department, Faculty of Administration and Economics, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: ^b*nadalkalaf@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq

Economic units have begun to realise an important fact. Traditional cost accounting systems may not be consistent with the administrative tools and techniques produced by lean thinking, a concept that economic units are trying to apply. This research explains the theoretical foundations of value stream technology, and the most prominent lean accounting techniques. It distinguishes activities that add value from those that do not, to exclude the latter. It is hypothesised that the application of value stream technology reduces costs, and enhances the perceived value of the customer. This study shows that the value stream cost approach deals with a specific number of value streams, unlike traditional cost systems that deal with a large number of products. Consequently, the volume of planning, preparing, measuring and controlling costs is less than the value of current costs.Pages 291 to 304

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Determinants of Firm Value and Earnings Management in Indonesian Sharia Stock Companies

Sari Khalidya Putri^a, Azhar Maksum^b*, ^a,bUniversitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, Email: ^b*azhar@usu.ac.id

The objective of the research was to analyse the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) (institutional ownership, independent commissioners, audit committees), profitability, financial leverage, and firm size on firm value, with earnings management as a moderating variable. Data are collected from the financial statements of manufacturing companies listed in ISSI in the period of 2014-2018. The result showed that, GCG (institutional ownership, independent commissioners, audit committee), profitability, financial leverage, and firm size significantly influenced firm value. Institutional ownership did not have any influence on firm value. Audit committees negatively influenced firm value. Independent commissioners, profitability, financial leverage, and firm size positively influenced firm value. Earnings management as a moderating variable could not moderate the correlation of GCG (institutional ownership, independent commissioners, audit committee), profitability, financial leverage, and firm size on firm value.Pages 305 to 324

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Informing Wetland Management: An Economic Valuation of Tam Giang - Cau Hai Lagoon, Vietnam

Hong Chuong Pham^a, Ha Thanh Le^b, Mau Dung Nguyen^c, ^a,bNational Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam, ^cHanoi Agriculture University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Email: ^achuongph@neu.edu.vn,  ^bthanhlh@neu.edu.vn,  ^cmaudung@vnua.edu.vn

Natural wetlands are ecosystems. They provide numerous goods and services for the local population inside a wetland or its periphery, and for communities in the wider landscape. Commonly the intrinsic and economic values of goods and services provided by wetlands are insufficiently considered in planning and decisions on socio-economic or sectoral development, to guide the conservation and wise use of wetland resources. This paper estimates the total economic value (TEV) of ecosystem services provided by the Tam Giang-Cau Hai (TG-CH) wetland lagoon in Vietnam, at US$77.291 mill. The estimate is based on various methods, for specific ecosystem services. Two wetland management options, including: (i) “Business as Usual” and (ii) Establishment of wetland conservation area (WCA) are formulated, to conduct a quantified benefit analysis. The option of establishing a TG-CH WCA is able to bring the significantly higher TEV (around US$178 mill.) than the “Business as Usual” over a 20-year time horizon 2016-2035. Our findings add to the empirical evidence suggesting that wetland conservation is not only good ecologically, but also viable economic policy. The study’s results reinforce the significant economic value of wetland, and seek to support decision-making on wetland management strategies selection. Pages 325 to 344

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Assessing Visitor Preferences as to Sustainable Heritage Tourism

Dyah Maya Nihayah^a, Fafurida^b*, Nurjannah Rahayu Kistanti^c, Agung Wahyu Handaru^d, ^a,b,cFaculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang, ^dFaculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Email: ^adyah_maya@mail.unnes.ac.id,  ^b*fafurida@mail.unnes.ac.id,  ^cnurjannah.rk@mail.unnes.ac.id,  ^dagung_1178@yahoo.com

The tourism industry can be an economic multiplier for regional economic growth. Kota Lama is cultural heritage that must be preserved. Good planning is needed to develop it as a tourist destination. This study assesses tourist preferences, to evaluate the market for heritage tourism. This research is exploratory. It uses both primary data obtained from interviews and questionnaires from tourists. Data was taken by purposive random sampling method and analysed by quantitative descriptive method. A region becomes a tourist destination in five aspects; attractions, accessibility, facilities, promotions and information. The result show that Kota Lama fulfils all aspects as a heritage destination. Tourists’ perceptions will support its development policy. Coordination with the community and tourism stakeholders is needed, because tourist satisfaction is a determinant of Kota Lama becoming a sustainable, heritage tourism destination.Pages 345 to 358

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A Musical Note: An Audio Gaming Aid for Listening to Traditional Thai Alto Xylophones

Pongsakorn Kingsuwankul^a, Thanakorn Uiphanit^b, Thatsanan Chutosri^c, Pongpisit Liengyu^d, Wannarat Bunchongkien^e, Yutakorn Sarikkaganon^f, Kitsana Khengthong^g, ^a,b,c,d,e,Department of Information Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^fDepartment of Music, Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^gBumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, Email: ^apongsakorn.ki@ssru.ac.th,  ^bthanakorn.ui@ssru.ac.th,  ^cthatsanan.ch@ssru.ac.th,  ^dpornpisit.li@ssru.ac.th,  ^ewannarat.bu@ssru.ac.th,  ^fyutakorn.sa@ssru.ac.th,  ^grapnew9138@gmail.com

In modern times, Thai musical study gets serious after secondary school where it is compulsory for students to learn both theory and practice. Playing Thai musical instruments has always been a privilege for musicians. They are taught to respect the instruments. Ranat ek or “Thai Alto” xylophone is a lead Thai percussion instrument. Learning to play alto xylophone can be difficult initially, especially when remembering the tone of notes. This research has the following objectives: 1) To develop a game that promotes listening to traditional Thai music via the sound of Thai xylophones, among first year college students; 2) To determine that experience; 3) To know the satisfaction of students towards the game. The sample group is students in Year 1, in Wat Bangbon school. The students are from three classes, 84 students in total. The research tools are questionnaires on the experience of listening to traditional Thai music. The researcher developed the tools. The result reveals that the efficiency of the system is, overall, high at = 4.43 and S.D. = 0.83. Further, the satisfaction level of users towards the system is, overall, high at = 4.42 and S.D. = 0.21.Pages 359 to 371

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A Job Recommendation Machine Learning Model Using Elderly Lifestyles

Nichamon Sithiponporn^a, Uthai Tanlamai^b, Achara Chandrachai^c, Sipat Triukose^d, ^a,cTechnopreneurship and Innovation Management Program, Graduate School Interdisciplinary Program Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, ^bDepartment of Accountancy, Chulalongkorn Business School Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, ^dResearch Group on Applied Computer Engineering for Medicine and Healthcare (ATM) Chulalongkorn University Big Data Analytics and IoT Centre (CUBIC) Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, Email: ^ansithiponporn@gmail.com,  ^buthai@cbs.chula.ac.th,  ^cachandrachai@gmail.com,  ^dsipat.t@chula.ac.th

One of the most significant social transformations nowadays is the aging society. The Baby Boomer generation is now becoming the majority segment of our society. This group seems to have different lifestyles and diverse characteristics from past generations of senior citizens. They tend to continue working into their older years. When recommending a job for this group, assessing their demographics may be insufficient. This paper suggests job recommendations, according to elderly lifestyles, using a machine learning process. Senior citizens living in Bangkok served as the sample for the study. The machine learning model was formulated in R programming language by a logistic regression algorithm to enhance accuracy. The model can recommend a job for seniors with 91.20% accuracy. The study provides the concept and empirical model for job recommendations for the elderly based on their background, lifestyles, and current quality of life norms.Pages 372 to 396

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Using STSE-Model Learning to Examine Students’ Environmental Awareness of the Risk of Environmental Disaster

Rungtiwa Kongson^a, ^aSchool of Education, University of Phayao, Thailand, Email: ^arungtiwa05.s.ppk@gmail.com

The objective of this work is to study the environmental awareness of students in areas at risk of environmental disaster. STSE-model learning is used, to compare students who are experienced and inexperienced as to the effects of such disasters. Students in year suksa 4 and year 5, under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in Thailand, were studied; in total 134 students. The data was analysed to find mean, standard deviation, and t-test independent. This work found that a high level of in-depth knowledge, appreciation, love and cherishing of the environment, through its examination and evaluation of learning. However, the aspect of anxiety and concern, and being able to act or solving various environmental problems by oneself and working group at the highest level. The data analysis of mean, standard deviation, and t-test independent indicate a difference in the environmental awareness of students, between pre and post learning, with statistical significance, from 41.75% to 89.50%. Students experienced and inexperienced affected to environmental disasters. Awareness toward environmental of students in the area at risk to environmental disaster by using STSE-model learning not different. Pages 397 to 414

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Analysing The New Public Service of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

Thussaneeya Boripis^a, Teeraphat Kitjarak^b, ^aSchool of Political Science and  Law, Walailak University, Thailand, ^bPublic Administration Program in Faculty of Humanities and social sciences, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Thailand, Email: ^aThussaneeya.bo@wu.ac.th,  ^bTeeraphat.kit@pcru.ac.th

This research aims to perform two roles. It aims: (1) to analyse the New Public Service of the Office of Nakhon Si Thammarat Municipality, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Thailand; (2) To suggest new public service guidelines for that Office. The purpose of the study on the basic service provision by Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat Municipality, is to improve "Lard Na Phra That" Mueang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Thailand. This research is qualitative research using in-depth interviews with relevant persons and content analysis from relevant documents. The research  shows that the public services of Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat Municipality and the basic services provision of Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat Municipality i.e. water supply, electricity, waste gathering, security, mobile toilet provided for tourists comply with the idea of Denhardt and Denhardt  (2000 p.554). The public service management method of the local government organisation is mainly responsible for Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat Municipality.Pages 415 to 425

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Hotel Website Quality Factors Influencing High-Quality Tourists’ Online Purchasing Intentions: A Luxury, Boutique Hotel in Bangkok

Prach Punnasuparom^a, Therdchai Choibamroong^b, ^aPhD candidate of the Integrated Tourism and Hospitality Management Graduate School of Tourism Management, National Institute of Development Administration Bangkok, Thailand, ^bAssociate Professor of Graduate School of Tourism Management, National Institute of Development Administration Bangkok, Thailand, Email: ^alimbo_prach@hotmail.com,  ^bted-choibamroong@hotmail.com

Websites have become a medium for hotel enterprises to sell their services online. High-quality tourists are significant to hotel sellers. They are passionately into online purchasing, making this segment a dominant, topical online market. Therefore, it is crucial to identify quality factors in hotel websites; the influencers of high-quality tourist’s online purchasing intention for luxury boutique hotels in Bangkok, Thailand. This research utilises a quantitative approach. Online questionnaires were distributed to 455 high-value tourists, people who have stayed in 13 luxury boutique hotels in Bangkok. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) related a set of observed variables to the construct. This research discovered that information content, website interactivity, website responsiveness, and website design were organised into functionality group, then ease of use, website viable substitute. Online processes were organised into usability groups. Those two groups were significantly influencing online purchasing intention. However, innovation of website, website visual appeal, and hotel image were not significant in predicting the variance in online purchasing intention. This study concluded that hotel website quality was significant in predicting online purchasing behaviour. Websites are a direct marketing tool for improving success, and hotel customers’ needs should be fully considered in the digital age.Pages 426 to 441

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Milestones in Intellectual Property Rights Promotion (Trademark) and OTOP Business in Thailand under the Public Concept of “Pracharat”

Thepparat Phimolsathien^a, ^aFaculty of Administration and Management, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Email: ^athepparat@hotmail.com

This research has three objectives. They are 1) to study promotion levels of Trademark and One Tambon One Product (OTOP) Business in Thailand under the concept of Pracharat, 2) to study factors influencing the promotion of Trademark and OTOP Business in Thailand under the concept of Pracharat, and 3) to study and propose guidelines for promoting Trademark and OTOP Business in Thailand under the concept of Pracharat. The study was conducted by qualitative and quantitative research methods.  The sample group was OTOP entrepreneurs in five pilot provinces from four regions, totalling 2,000 people. The key informants were those who played an important role in managing the OTOP product. Research tools were questionnaires and interview forms. The research revealed that opinions on promoting Trademark and OTOP Business in Thailand under Pracharat concept were at a moderate level. When considering each ground, the first opinion was about the rights of OTOP trademark owners. Other factors were also found including accessing production factors, administration, knowledge management, communication and awareness for sustainability, respectively. Such variables can presumably foresee the promotion of Trademark and OTOP Business in Thailand under the concept of Pracharat, by 74.5 percent.  Milestones in Intellectual Property Rights Promotion (Trademark) and OTOP Business in Thailand under the Public Concept “Pracharat” include value added creation and product development, and improvement of trademark protection regulations in the current situation.Pages 442 to 457

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Innovative Communication Mechanism for the Psychological Well-being of Caregivers and Elderly with Dementia in the context of Thailand

Taksaya Watcharasarnsap^a, Uthai Tanlamai^b, Rajalida Lipikorn^c, ^aTechnopreneurship and Innovation Management Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, ^bDepartment of Accountancy, Chulalongkorn Business School Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, ^cMathematics and Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Email: ^ataksaya.w@gmail.com,  ^buthai@cbs.chula.ac.th,  ^crajalida.l@chula.ac.th

The present research aims to develop an innovative communication mechanism to promote the relationship between caregivers and people with dementia. A mobile application system was developed based on the Reminiscence therapy framework in conjunction with an effective interpersonal communication method using enabling technology, which is the Speech to Text and Natural Language Processing (NLP).  Thirty pairs of caregivers and their counterparts with dementia were the experimental subjects with another thirty pairs as the control. The results indicated a better relationship and psychological well-being after the use of this mobile application. The experimental group also has a higher rating score on both counts than the control group. Pages 458 to 474

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Value Creation of Local Identity in Thailand: Marketing Promotion for Enhancing Community-Based Cultural Tourism

Thanarat Ratanapongtra^a*, Thong Khamkerd^b, Sukhum Kongdit^c, Tharanee Nawatnatee^d, ^a,b,c,d Tourism Program, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand, Email: ^a*thanarat.r@rmutsb.ac.th

This research aims at defining a strategy to develop marketing promotion for community-based cultural tourism of the Bang Mae Mai community in the central part of Thailand and analysing a model of marketing promotion used to enhance community-based cultural tourism through value creation of local identity. The study was conducted by using qualitative focus group discussion which found that in order for a community to be able to attract tourists it is required to analyse the distinction of resources and tourist attraction capacity as a fundamental factor in defining marketing strategy for cultural tourism. For the case study of the Bang Mae Mai community, 7 strategies have been defined, which consist of organising tourism promotional activities, advertising community’s tourist attractions, conducting online marketing, improving tourism-related skills for community’s members and personnel, encouraging the participation of a new generation, developing offline advertising media for community’s tourist attractions, and developing cultural market of the community to become more distinctive. These will be used for analysing a marketing promotional model for enhancing community-based tourism in order to be applied to other communities with the corporation of five parties including tourism group leaders in the community, public sector, tourism association, tourism enterprise, and mass media. This study can be utilised as a guideline in supporting community-based tourism for other places. Pages 475 to 488

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Indonesian Young Moslems in a New Social Movement in the Post Reformation: Sahabat Hijrahkuu Community

Rizabuana Ismail^a*, Sahran Saputra^b, Muryanto Amin^c, T Ilham Saladin^d, ^a,b,c,dUniversitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, Email: ^a*rizabuana@usu.ac.id

This paper discusses the migration movement by Sahabat Hijrakuu community as a new social movement of young Muslims in Medan. The objective of the research was to find out the patterns through some articulation typology of Islamic social movement and the aim of socio-political change, using the Islamic perspective of populism and post-Islamism. The data were gathered using qualitative methods by conducting observations, interviews, and library research. The result of this paper shows the development of the migration movement in the series and the collective awareness of young Muslims in Medan in the post-Islam Defence Action movement. In the polarisation of the movement and the objective of socio-political change which is wanted in the Sahabat Hijrakuu community, it can be said that this movement is Islamic populism, and that Post-Islamism movements split into two perspectives. First, the objective of the socio-political change in the Islamic populism perspective is identified by the existence and the representation of a middle class of Moslems as Ummah. Secondly, the objective of the socio-political movement through the perspective of Post-Islamism is identified by the adaptation and the negotiation of middle-class Moslems in democracy. Pages 489 to 504

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Improving Students’ HOT and Literacy Skills in the context of Indonesia

Nana Sepriyanti^a*, Sasmi Nelwati^b, Wan Nasir^c, ^a,bUniversitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol, Padang, 25153, Indonesia, ^cBalai Diklat Keagamaan Padang, 25173, Indonesia, Email: ^a*nanasepriyanti@uinib.ac.id

The results of some research indicate that a student’s Higher-Order Thinking (HOT) skills and literacy skills are low in Indonesia. This is thought to be because students tend to do the learning process mechanistically. Through this research, 21st century competency-based learning has developed a valid, practical and effective set of Education Statistics courses to improve the HOT Skill and Literacy Skills of FTK UIN Imam Bonjol Padang students. This research was conducted through a cyclical process: preliminary phase, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. Data collection methods used were observation, interviews, checklists, videotaping, analysis of student work, validation sheets and HOT Skill tests and Literacy Skill students. The collected data were analysed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results showed 21st Century Competency-Based learning improved HOT Skill and Literacy skills of UIN Imam Bonjol Padang Students as a valid, practical and effective tool.Pages 513 to 529

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The Rise of the Mediation Method in Wealth Management

Nur Khalidah Dahlan^a, Ruzian Markom^b, Rozlinda Mohamed Fadzil^c, ^a,b,cFaculty of Law, The National University of Malaysia,

Alternative Dispute Resolution, or ADR, is a process for resolving conflicts - one that respects the dignity of individuals while creating mutually satisfying solutions. ADR uses communication skills, collaboration, negotiation, and mediation to produce an agreement that meets the interests of the parties involved. Alternative disputes resolution method has appeared to be more in line with Islamic precepts that consist of consultation (shura), mediation and conciliation (Sulh), as well as arbitration. When participating in Alternative Dispute Resolution, parties maintain the right to seek agreement and settlement. Mediation enjoys consistently high satisfaction rates by participants. In Malaysia, the organisation bodies for mediation are the Malaysian Mediation Centre, Securities Industry Dispute Resolution Centre (SIDREC) and the Ombudsman Financial Service (OFS). All these centres are focusing on banking and financial instruments.  There is an indication that ADR options can lead to more efficient use of resources by the courts, saving time and money for litigants, and reducing levels of subsequent litigation. This paper will focus on some of the organisation bodies that practice mediation which and have been successfully undertaken in the past. Thse practices are examples of those that can also be similarly applied in the future. Pages 530 to 544

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The Role of Technology in Shaping the Future of Oil Production and Consumption

Maan Abood Ali^a, Khawla R. Hassan^b, Hasan Rasak Ghyadh^c, Rajaa Abdullah Esa Alsalim^d, ^aFaculty of Administration and Economics, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq, ^bFaculty of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, ^cImam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Misan, Iraq, ^dFaculty of Administration and Economics University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Email: ^amaanabood3@gmail.com,  ^bkhawla.hassan@uobasrah.edu.ig,  ^crshkhsn0@gmail.com,  ^dRajaa_essaa@yahoo.com

This study aims to explore the impact of modern technological innovations in the field of oil on the levels of global production and consumption of oil through the use of a descriptive and analytical approach. The results show that oil technologies led to a real revolution in changing the course of events during the past few years, especially in the field of production and consumption of oil squarely on the throne of energy, through increasing oil reserves, using three-dimensional exploration techniques (D3 and D4) that reduced the failure rate in drilling wells up to limits (8/10). In addition, it helped to find other oil basins, as well as in the discovery of oil reserves in the Atlantic Ocean and the coasts of Mexico, Brazil and West Africa, such as the Republic of Guinea and others, as well as reservoirs in deep waters. The technology is merited with increasing production from existing fields, through the development of drilling and production techniques, and enhanced production that added new energy estimated at two thirds (2/3) of the primary production capacity of the well, and the technologies helped in the production of unconventional oils, such as shale oil, shale oil and bottoms oil oceans. In addition, technology also is greatly credited with reducing oil consumption, by improving the efficiency of engines in energy production and reducing the level of fuel consumption, as it brought the car to run at 57.1 kilometres / gallon. Pages 545 to 560

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Needs Analysis of Regional Potential-Based Vocational High School Development

Wagiran^a*, Pardjono^b, Yudha Yanti Cahyaningrum^c, ^a,b,cUniversitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Email: ^a*wagiran@uny.ac.id

This study aims to reveal vocational high schools’ (VHSs’) areas of expertise and expertise programs that are feasible to be developed based on regional potential. As an  exploratory descriptive research conducted in Berau Regency, it employs documentation and interviews to collect  data. Quantitative data analysis is carried out through principal component analysis, location-quotient method, Sprague multiplier method and  exponential method. Qualitative data analysis was carried out by using data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results reveal that the sub-districts that need VHSs in Berau Regency include Kelay, Tabalar and Maratua. The areas of expertise needed at Kelay include agribusiness and agrotechnology with the agribusiness program of estate crops and estate crop processing. Tabalar necessitate agribusiness and agrotechnology with agribusiness plant expertise program and agricultural product processing. Maratua require the fields of tourism with hospitality and tourism services, as well as food engineering. Pages 561 to 574

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The Effect of Marketing Deception on Consumer Purchasing Decisions -An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Baghdad University Students

Alaa Nabeel Al-Heali^a, aMarket Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

The study aims to discover the effect of  marketing deception practised by mobile phone companies in after-sales services, whether they are providing guarantee services, after-sales service price, promotion or distribution regarding the decision for  consumer purchase. A descriptive analytical method has been selected. Data was collected through a questionnaire that was distributed electronically to  random individual samples, represented by graduate students in both the Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Post-graduate studies  and the Higher Institute for Financial and Accounting Studies / University of Baghdad. The sample size consisted of (60) students while the data analysis showed that there is a correlation between  marketing deception of  after-sales service and  consumer purchasing decision. Marketing deception related to  price significantly affects  consumer purchase decisions, however  marketing deception in service, promotion and distribution does not significantly affect  consumer sparks decision. This result is due to the nature of  consumer culture, the studied sample and the extent of their understanding of the questions. Amongst the most important recommendations of the study is the necessity of working to activate the role of the Consumer Protection Association to monitor the market in the after-sales services sector by conducting awareness campaigns for consumers of their rights to enhance their ability to test the quality of services provided to them and impose penalties on marketing companies that demonstrate the practice of marketing deception in order to reduce unethical practices. Pages 575 to 595

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Evaluating Laboratory Skills of Students in the Department of Electromechanical Engineering according to  Suggested Standards

Sahira Al-saadi^a, Shawq Aziz^b, Haidar Al-ijrsh^c, ^aProfessor, Educational Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Karada, Iraq, ^bLecturer, Methods of Teaching Science public, University of Babylon, Babylon, Hella, Iraq, ^cProfessor, Methods of Teaching Social, University of Babylon, Babylon, Hella, Iraq,

This study aims to evaluate the laboratory skills of students in the  Department of the Electromechanical Engineering–Systems Branch according to  suggested standards. The research tool consists of the (22) standard observation cards   presented by researchers to a group of experts and specialists in the method of teaching Science and  the ability to express  opinions and observations in order to verify confidence and objectivity. The descriptive method was  selected as appropriate to achieve the research aim . The sample  consists of (65) students of the Department of Electromechanical Engineering- Systems Branch. Statistical analysis is conducted through  IBM® software SPSS 25.0.The results indicate that the laboratory skills of electromechanical engineering students in the systems branch at the University of Technology, did not fully meet the suggested standards (NGSS-STEAM-GLP), when compared to the hypothetical mean. The researchers recommend the need to review the content of laboratory courses to take into account the standards, and activate the role of laboratory supervisors as well as the need to train professors who prepare practical experiments and teach  practical aspects  within the laboratory concerning  necessary laboratory skills and familiarise students  with laboratory teaching methods and  standards . Pages 596 to 605

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Understanding Medication Errors as Leading Factors amongst Nursing Staff Working at Basra City Hospitals, Iraq

Utoor Talib Jassim^a, Samira Muhammed Ebrahim^b, ^aDepartment of Basic Science, College of Nursing, University of Basra, Iraq, ^bDepartment of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Basra, Iraq , Email: ^adrutoortalib67@gmail.com,  ^bsamiraebrahim7@gmail.com

Background: Medication errors are one of the most common medical errors that threaten health services and lead to disorder in the treatment process. Aims: To determine the main leading factors that contribute to medication errors from the perspective of nurses, to assess the nurses’ understanding about the factors related to medication error and to estimate the relationship between nurses’ understanding of factors that contribute to medication errors with demographic characteristics. Methods: the present study contains descriptive methodology; a structured questionnaire was given to 100 nurses working in various departments in three Basra city hospitals. Results: Tiredness resulting from overwork (56%), department environmental noise (60%), insufficient number of nurses in relation to patients (83%) and physicians’ illegible handwriting in patient files (55%) are the leading causes for medication errors from the nurses’ perspectives. It has been found that 11%, 45%, 44% of respondents had good, medium and poor understanding respectively regarding factors related to medication errors. Conclusions: The main factors contributing to medication errors are insufficient numbers of nurses compared to number of patients, environmental department noise, tiredness resulting from overwork and physicians’ illegible handwriting in patient files. A considerable percentage of nursing staff have poor awareness about factors leading to medication errors. There is a significant negative correlation between nursing staff awareness age and duration of employment. Furthermore, there is significant correlation between understanding and formal education as well as participating in training courses related to the subject.Pages 606 to 615

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The Mediating Role of Team Perspective between Paradoxical Leadership, Innovative Work Behaviour and Team Innovation

Ali Isam AlSoltane^a, Hussein Adnan Issa ALallaq^b, ^a,bDepartment of Business Administration- Faculty of Administration and Economics- Al-Muthanna University-Iraq, Email: ^ateme-2009@mu.edu.iq,  ^bHussein.easa@mu.edu.iq

Team innovation and performance are a major concern for  management. Paradoxical leadership can assist in sharing and obtaining knowledge from team members to enhance innovation and management needing to develop innovative team behaviour  to share information amongst team members to improve innovation. The purpose of the current study  is the mediating role of team perspective between paradoxical leadership, innovative work behaviour and team innovation. The sample size consists of  73 team members of University Departments  at Qadisiyah. The 5 point Likert scale was used to obtain  responses and PLS (AMOS) 3.0 was used to analyse the response. The study findings show  that the role of paradoxical leadership needs to improve in assisting knowledge sharing and team  innovation . However, team members have a strong sense of innovative work behaviour to share and obtain information from other members to enhance their sense of innovation. This study conducted was conducted at the University departments of . Respondents were  taken from a large area. The study also suggests that team learning behaviour and a high-performance work system can assist the team perspective  to enhance team innovation. Pages 626 to 642

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The Mediating Effect of Employee Engagement between Sustainable HRM Practices and Job Performance

Asmaa Abdul Wahid Malik Alghnimi^a, Liqaa Miri Habeeb^b, Rabab Ibrahim Kadhim^c, ^aAL-Furat Al-awasat Technical University Al-Dewaniyah Technical, ^bCollege of Administration & Economics University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq, ^cFaculty of administration & Economics Department of Finance and Banking, Email: ^aAssmaali666666@gmail.com,  ^bLiqaa.miri@qu.edu.iq,  ^cRabab.Ibrahim@qu.edu.iq

This study examines the role of sustainable HRM practices on job performance through engagement. The study measures the effect of participation and employee empowerment on job performance. The population was all the employees in the Diwaniyah General Hospital of Iraq. By using a random sampling technique, 200 sample participants were selected as the target population. The 5-point Likert scale was used to collect the responses. The findings of the study by using PLS 3.0 are to examine the role of practices of HR on performance and the mediating effect of employee engagement between HR practices and job performance. The findings of the study show that HRM practices, such as participation and employee empowerment, have a positive effect on employee job performance. Specifically, the study confirms that employees’ engagement significantly mediates between HR practices, such as employees’ participation, employees’ empowerment and the performance of employees, and the sustainability of HRM practices have a great impact on job performance. Furthermore, a future research direction is presented. Pages 643 to 659

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The Social Function for University Youth Use of Internet Techniques in Jordanian Society

Alaa Zuhir Al Rawashdeh^a, Asma Rebhi Al Arab^b, Noura Nasser algahtani^c, Mooza Isa Aldoy^d, ^a,bAjman University– UAE) / (Al Balqaa Applied University-Jordan, ^cKing Saud University-KSA, ^dDepartment of Social Sciences, University of Bahrain, Email: ^aalaa_rwashdeh@yahoo.com,  ^cahtani@KSU.EDU.SA,  ^dm.aldoy1@hotmail.com

The study aimed at identifying the social function for university youth use of internet techniques in society, according to some variables, by using a questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 450 Jordan university students. The study found that there were no significant differences (α = 0.05) attributed to the effects of all variables except for the place where the internet was used and the website type. The study recommended that the youth should be appreciative of the importance of the internet, that they should activate the role of social sciences, rehabilitation and training of social specialists and workers to use the internet and be appreciative of its recent developments to be employed for the benefit of the youth and society Pages 660 to 681

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A Study on Foreign Direct Investment Flows in Vietnam

Van Su Ha^a*, Thu Thuy Nguyen^b, ^aAssociate Professor, Faculty of Economics & Law, Thuongmai University, Vietnam, ^bAssociate Professor, Faculty of Financial & Banking, Thuongmai University, Vietnam, Email: ^a*hvsdhtm@tmu.edu.vn,  ^bthuy.nt@tmu.edu.vn

Integration is forecasted to have a substantial impact on not only import and export activities but also on the ability to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) into Vietnam. Our regression results show that trade openness has a positive impact on Vietnam’s inward FDI (an increase of 1.0% in trade liberalisation can result in an increase of 0.23% in FDI inflows to Vietnam). Notably, our simulation results reveal that the CPTPP will increase the growth rate of FDI into Vietnam from 2.0% -2.4%/ year compared to the base scenario. However, the degree of impact will vary over time. Between 2019 and 2025, FDI inflows will tend to increase faster than in the following period 2026-2035. This shows that CPTPP will have a faster and stronger impact in the first 6 years (2019-2025) (with a steeper impact curve) when the agreement officially takes effect for Vietnam. Then the impact will decrease gradually in the following years. Pages 682 to 700

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The External Factors Affecting the Dividend Policy: The Case of Listed Companies on the Hanoi Stock Exchange

Anh Le Nguyen Dieu^a, ^aUniversity of Economics - Technology for Industries, Vietnam, Email: ^alndanh@uneti.edu.vn

This paper is conducted to investigate the impact levels of external determinants on the dividend policy of listed companies on the Hanoi Stock Exchange (HNX). Data was collected from getting 155 questionnaires from listed companies on the HNX. Based on the data collected, we use Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA and run regression model to find the impact levels of each independent variable on the dependent variable of the dividend policy. The results show that three external determinants, including tax policy (TP), inflation and interest rates (IIR) and legal environment (LE) have relationships with the dividend policy. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given for improving the dividend policy of listed companies on the HNX to ensure sustainability. Pages 701 to 719

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The Construction of Corporate Waqf Models for Indonesia

Miftahul Huda^a, Lukman Santoso^b, ^aFaculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ponorogo, Indonesia, ^bDoctoral Program, Faculty of Law Indonesia Islamic University (UII), Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Email: ^amiftahul.huda@iainponorogo.ac.id,  ^blukmansantoso4@gmail.com

This study aims to explore the management and development models of waqf assets of companies in Malaysia and Singapore, as well as their relevance for the development of corporate waqf constructions that are in accordance with Indonesian waqf law and the wisdom of traditions that have been developed in keeping with the culture. By using an interpretative exploratory type qualitative approach, this study yields findings that the construction of management and development models of corporate waqf assets in Indonesia that are in accordance with Indonesian legal endowments and traditional wisdom are business entities, banks, universities, foundations, hospitals, and cooperative companies. This study aims to demonstrate the strengthening of the holistic corporate waqf model in Indonesia, as it is necessary to strengthen regulatory stakeholders as well as an integrative and holistic understanding among scholars. Pages 720 to 734

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The Role of Batam Island during the Period of the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation

Bunari^a, Nina Herlina^b, Mumuh Muhsin Z^c, Kunto Sofianto^d, ^a,b,c,dPadjadjaran University, Email: ^abunari17001@gmail.unpad.ac.id,  ^bnina.herlina@unpad.ac.id,  ^cmumuh.muhsin@unpad.ac.id,  ^dkunto.sofianto@unpad.ac.id

This article discusses the role of Batam Island during the period of Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation (1964-1966), which in Indonesia was propagandised under the slogan “Ganyang Malaysia” (“Crush Malaysia”). The discussion focuses on why Batam Island was chosen as the command centre of the volunteer army in its mission to “Crush Malaysia”. The study shows that Batam Island’s strategic location was the main reason for its selection as the volunteer army’s base. The choice was also based on the island’s proximity to Sambu Island as the command centre of the KKO (the Indonesian Marine Corps). The two islands were prepared as the starting point of a planned attack against Singapore, then still part of the Federation of Malaysia. For Indonesia, Singapore was the most crucial part of the confrontation, and as part of the plan was to to sabotage it, Indonesia chose Batam Island as the volunteer army’s base due to its proximity to Singapore. Pages 735 to 743

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Factors Influencing Process Structuring in IT Risk Management

Urairat Maneerattanasak^a*, Nitaya Wongpinunwatana^b, Chainarong Kaeowaranonchai^c, Metha Suvanasarn^d, ^aThammasat Business School, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bDepartment of Business Administration (Management Information Systems) Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^cFreelance IT Auditor, Bangkok, Thailand, ^dIT GRC consultant, Bangkok, Thailand, Email: ^a*urairat-man59@tbs.tu.ac.th,  ^bwongpinn5@gmail.com,  ^cCkaeowaranonchai@gmail.com,  ^dsuvanasarn@gmail.com

Information technology risk management (ITRM) is being enforced by regulators on strategic and complex organisations such as financial institutions. This research paper investigates risk management problems uncovered while doing case study analysis with selected organisations. This study revealed that factors most impacted by organisation size are tools, interdependence and expertise of the three lines of defence. The findings imply that risk management tools need development to fit with the interdependent working of the three lines of defence structure. Also, people in the organisation need training to improve risk management expertise and to drive the three lines of defence to work effectively. Size of an organisation also impacts ITRM practice. Furthermore, the results of this research reveal problems different from previous ITRM research as most of the prior research suggested improving ITRM processes and models. The theoretical contribution of this research is the framework of principles and practice fit focusing on process structuring. Pages 744 to 760

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Individual Characteristics and Job Characteristics on Work Effectiveness in the State-Owned Company: the Moderating Effect of Emotional Intelligence

Henry Aspan^a*, Etty Sri Wahyuni^b, Ari Prabowo^c, Ami Natuz Zahara^d, Ika Novita Sari^e, Mariyana^f, ^aUniversitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, ^b,c,dUniversitas Sumatra Utara, ^e,fUniversitas Batam, Email: ^a*henryaspan@yahoo.com

PT. Jasa Marga is a company that specialises in the service business sector thats main business is managing roads and bridges. To carry out its duties and responsibilities, PT. Jasa Marga needs employees who play a large role in carrying out all activities of the company with a variety of individual characters and various existing work characters. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of individual and work characteristics on work effectiveness and which is moderated by emotional intelligence. Analysis tools using SPSS Version 22.00 with the analysis model Moderated Regression Analyze (MRA). The results showed that individual characteristics and job characteristics partially had a positive and significant effect on work effectiveness. Emotional intelligence acts as a moderating variable in testing the effect of individual and work characteristics on work effectiveness. Pages 761 to 774

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Development and Validity of an Environmental Knowledge Instrument

Aynin Mashfufah^a*, Joko Nurkamto^b, Sajidan^c, Wiranto^d, ^aDoctoral Program of Education Science of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia, ^b,cFaculty of Teacher Training and Education of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia, ^dMath and Science Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia, Email: ^a*ayninn@student.uns.ac.id

This research aims to develop an environmental knowledge instrument. This research employs qualitative and quantitative methods. Five experts check the developed instrument based on evaluation, content and language aspects. The respondents consist of 120 pre-service biology teachers. The test results are analysed from the difficulty level and distinguishing power index. Test items that meet both aspects are analysed using the confirmatory factor analysis, to measure construct validity, and estimated for its coefficient of reliability. The result shows that all items have a medium difficulty level and a good distinguishing power index. The confirmatory factor analysis shows that the items met the construct validity from factor loading of higher than 0.07 and t-value of higher than t-table. The coefficient of reliability, according to Cronbach alpha, is higher than 0.70. Based on the analysis results, the developed instrument to measure environmental knowledge has met the criteria for a valid and reliable instrument. Pages 775 to 793

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Corporate Governance Mechanism and Cost of Capital to Firm Value

Bernardus Y. Nugroho^a, ^aFaculty of Administrative Science, Universitas Indonesia, Email: ^anugroho_yuliarto@yahoo.com

This study examines the use of corporate governance to the cost of capital and corporate value. Corporate governance is a set of rules which manages the relationships between stakeholders, government, internal and external parties, employees and management that are related to their rights and obligations. The proxies used for corporate governance variables are independent commissioners, board size, managerial ownership, institutional ownership and non-institutional ownership. The research method used is panel data regression. The sample used in this study is non-financial listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2008-2018. The results of this study indicate that variables of corporate governance, such as independent commissioners, board size, managerial ownership and institutional ownership, have a significant influence on capital costs. The results of this study also found that variables of corporate governance mechanism such as board size, institutional ownership, and non-institutional ownership significantly influence the firm's value (Tobin's Q). Pages 794 to 807

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Navigating Through Domestic Impediments: Suharto and Indonesia’s Leadership in ASEAN

Darwis^a, Bama Andika Putra^b*, Abdul Razaq Cangara^c, ^a,b,cDepartment of International Relations, Universitas Hasanuddin, Email: ^adarwis.hi@unhas.ac.id,  ^b*bama@unhas.ac.id,  ^cacacangara@unhas.ac.id

This paper focuses on the implementation of Indonesia's free and active foreign policy in Southeast Asia, during the presidency of Suharto. It looks at a wide range of study cases from 1967-1998 that reflect how Indonesia’ free and active policy has shaped most of its interaction in the Southeast Asian region during the Cold War. The research adopts analytical-descriptive research methodology in interpreting Suharto’s policies in responding to the Southeast Asian political landscape. The paper concludes that the success of Indonesia’s free and active foreign policy in Southeast Asia during Suharto’s rule is based on (1) historical aspects of Indonesian kingdom dominance in Southeast Asia, (2) the political culture of Javanese ethnicity, (3) increasing military support that strengthened the regime’s power, and (4) aligned policies with dominant domestic institutions in Indonesia. Pages 808 to 824

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Viewpoints of Teachers of Natural Science Subjects on STEM Education at the Secondary School Level in Vietnam

Nhi Thi Nguyen^a, ^aVinh University, Vietnam, Email: ^ahongnhi1076@gmail.com

STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) is an educational orientation that of interest to Vietnam as well as most countries in the world. However, how STEM education should be implemented, especially in the context of developing countries like Vietnam that have certain restrictions on economy and facilities, is still a matter of concern and needs to be studied and investigated. Currently, there are still many different interpretations of STEM education, which lends itself to a very diverse and inconsistent  implementation of STEM education. In order to implement STEM teaching effectively and comprehensively, it is necessary to understand the perceptions of STEM education by educators, and thereby find an appropriate way to implement this educational orientation so as to contribute to improving training effectiveness. This paper presents the ideas of 200 teachers of natural science subjects at the secondary school level in Vietnam on STEM education, from which the orientation for implementing STEM education is appropriate. Pages 825 to 843

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Patient Satisfaction in a Rural Health Facility: Reliability, Responsiveness and Assurance

Tusy Novita Dwi Wardani^a, Aulia Ramadhani^b, Nadia Rifqi Cahyani^c, Hanifiya Samha Wardhani^d, Windhu Purnomo^e*, ^a,c,dGraduate Student of Policy and Health Administration Department , Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, ^bDepartment of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, ^eDepartment of  Biostatistics and Population, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Email: ^e*purno.win20@gmail.com

Background: Puskesmas are the health service facilities in Indonesia that organise public health efforts and first-level individual health service. Patient satisfaction is very important for Puskesmas to assess its quality service towards the public by measuring the level of patient satisfaction from the dimensions of reliability, responsiveness, and assurance. Purpose: This study is to determine whether the performance of health services in the Community Health Centre can be considered good or not by measuring the level of patient satisfaction from the dimensions of reliability, responsiveness, and assurance Method: The sampling technique was accidental sampling with a sample size of 138 people. This study used a questionnaire instrument. The data analysis conducted in this research was descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. Result: the results of this study found that the level of satisfaction obtained from the three dimensions was low. Reliability has a low result with a percentage of 55.1%, responsiveness has a low result with a percentage of 71.7% and an assurance assessment has a low-value percentage of 88.4%. Conclusion:  From this study, Puskesmas’ health services were considered insufficient by the community, according to the level of patient satisfaction specific to reliability, responsiveness, and assurance. Pages 844 to 854

Big Banana Cultivation: Agricultural Productivity and Return Analysis

Arus Kongrungchok^a, Sarapee Chanatup^b, Atcharawan Rattanaphan^c, ^a,b,cFaculty of Management Science, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Thailand, Email: ^aarus.kon@sru.ac.th,  ^bsarapee.cha@sru.ac.th,  ^catcharawan.rat@sru.ac.th

Needs Assessment of Electronics Shops in the Rinconada Area of Camarines Sur: Basis for an Extension Program

Arly B. Balingbing^a, ^aCollege of Education, Arts and Sciences, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Camarines Sur, Philippines, Email: ^aarlybalingbing@gmail.com

The Impact of Speech Training with Symbolic Modelling Technique on Students’ Speech Competence

Syafryadin^a, Noermanzah^b, Wisma Yunita^c, Dian Eka Chandra Wardhana^d, Reni Kusmiarti^e, ^a,b,c,dBengkulu University, Bengkulu City, Indonesia, ^eUniversitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu, Bengkulu City, Indonesia, Email: ^asyafryadin@unib.ac.id,  ^bnoermanzah@unib.ac.id,  ^cwismayunita@unib.ac.id,  ^ddec.wardhana@unib.ac.id,  ^erenikusmiarti@umb.ac.id

Economic Literacy and Financial Studies in Higher Education: A Theoretical Approach to the Learning Model and Its Impact

Neti Budiwati^a, Eeng Ahman^b, Suparno^c, ^a,bFaculty of Economics, Universitas pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia, ^cFaculty of Economics, Universitas negeri Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: ^anetibudiwati@upi.edu,  ^beengahman@upi.edu,  ^csuparno@feunj.ac.id

Impacts upon Non-Performing Loans in Commercial Banks: A Vietnamese Case Study

Nguyen Kim Quoc Trung^a*, Bui Quang Hung^b, Nguyen Thanh Be^c, ^aFaculty of Accounting – Auditing, University of Finance – Marketing, Vietnam and PhD candidate at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, ^bCollege of Statistics (COS) II, Vietnam and PhD candidate at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, ^cHo Chi Minh Tax Department and PhD candidate at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Email: ^ankq.trung@ufm.edu.vn,  ^bkingsnake2310@gmail.com,  ^cbenguyen.01041975@gmail.com

The Evaluation of State University Remuneration Policies for Increasing Performance

Siti Nurjanah^a, Margunani^b, ^aFaculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia, ^bFaculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia, Email: ^asnurjanah@unj.ac.id,  ^bmargunani@mail.unnes.ac.id

Promoting Good Governance in Labour Relations, among Thailand’s Public Higher Education Institutions

Aree Phasansinthuwong^a, Chokchai Suttawet^b, ^a,bFaculty of Social Science & Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand, Email: ^aaphasansinthuwong@gmail.com,  ^bcsuttawet@gmail.com 

The Development of Public Policy and Administration on Social Security in ASEAN: A Case Study of Social Insurance for Thai Migrant Workers

Wilailak Yoosamran^a, Chokchai Suttawet^b, ^a,bFaculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand,

Development of an Investability Prospect Score in Indonesia: Early Stage Digital Startup

Deny Rahardjo^a, Sugiarto^b, Gracia Shinta S. Ugut^c, Edison Hulu^d, ^aDoctoral Program, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia, ^bFaculty member of Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Indonesia, ^cDean of Business School, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia, ^dLecturer, Graduate School, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia. Email: ^aDR70020@student.uph.edu,  ^bProf.sugiarto@gmail.com,  ^cgracia.ugut@uph.edu,  ^dedison.hulu@lecturer.uph.edu

Evaluating the Role of a University in the Development of a “Pedestrian Walk” In Palembang

Muhammad Juliansyah Putra^a, Bambang Hermanto^b, Bukman Lian^c, ^a,bUniversitas Padjajaran, Indonesia, ^cUniversitas PGRI Palembang, Indonesia, Email: ^ajuliansyah.pgri@gmail.com,  ^bbambang.hermanto@unpad.ac.id,  ^cdrbukmanlian@univpgri-palembang.ac.id

The Effect of Service Quality in an Indonesian hospital: Patient Satisfaction in a Coastal Emergency Department

Amaliyah Ardilah^a, Vien Anggarani Prasetyana^b, Aulia Ramadhani^c, Windhu Purnomo^d*, ^a,bGraduate Student of Policy and Health Administration Department, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. ^cStaff of Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, ^dDepartment of Biostatistics and Population, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Email: ^d*purno.win20@gmail.com

The Availability of Quality Assurance Standards in the Curricula of Basic Education Colleges

Ali Abdul Karim Al-Saffar^a, Qasim Ismail^b, Haider Hatem Falih AL.ijrish^c, ^aScientific supervision and evaluation device, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq, ^bDiyala University College of Basic Education, Iraq, ^cCollege of Basic Education, Babylon University, Iraq,

Factors Affecting Creative Accounting Practices and Means Used to Limit their Effect on the Credibility of Financial Statements

Alaa Miran Hussein^a, Hayder Oudah Kadhim^b*, Raheem Abed Mohammad^c, ^aAssistant Lecturer, Collage of Management and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiayah, Iraq, ^bLecturer, Collage of Management and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiayah, Iraq, ^cAssistant lectures, Karbala Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-AwsatTechnical University, Karbal, Iraq, Email: ^aalla.miran@qu.edu.iq,  ^b*hadeir.saidy@qu.edu.iq,  ^cinkr.rah@atu.edu.iq

The Violation of the Principle of Equality in the Iraqi Penal Code

Mazin Khalaf Naser^a, ^aDepartment of public law - Criminal Law Al-Mustansiriyah University- College of Law- Iraq, Email: ^aDr.mazin.khalaf@gmail.com

The Visual Language of Photomontage in the Works of El Lissitzky

Darraji Khalid Fakhir Abdullah^a, Mamonova Victoria Alexandrovna^b, ^a,bSaint-Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Russian Federation, Email: ^akhalidfnon@yahoo.com,  ^bvict.mamonova@gmail.com

Motivation and the Millennial Generation

Aris Setiyani^a, Ahmad Sutawijaya^b, Lenny Ch Nawangsari^c, Setyo Riyanto^d, Endri Endri^e, ^a,b,c,d,eDoctoral Management, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: ^asetiyani.aris@gmail.com,  ^bahsuta69@gmail.com,  ^clenny.nawangsari@gmail.com,   ^dsetyoriyanto@gmail.com,  ^eendri@mercubuana.ac.id

Development of Batik Crafts using Natural Colourants Mixed with Cow Powder in Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta

^aRahmawati Rahmawati, ^bSoenarto Soenarto, ^cFitri Susilowati, ^dSarah Rum Handayani, ^eArdi Gunardi*, ^aUniversitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia, ^bUniversitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia, ^cUniversitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Indonesia, ^dUniversitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia, ^eUniversitas Pasundan, Indonesia, *Email: ardigunardi@unpas.ac.id

Vulnerability of Stock Returns and the effects of Covid-19: An Event Study from the Energy Sector of USA

Hafiz Waqas Kamran^a, Muhammad Atif Nawaz^b, Muhammad Rizwan Ullah^c, ^aAssistant Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan, ^bSenior Lecturer, Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, ^cLyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Email: ^ahafiz.waqas@iqra.edu.pk,  ^batif.nawaz.baloch@gmail.com,  ^cmrizwanullah77@gmail.com

Public Attitudes towards News Processing of Events and Events of Basra Governorate in Iraqi Satellite Channels

Mohsen Glob Alkanani^a, Alaa Jasab Ajeel Al-Abd Alaali^b, ^a University of Baghdad, ^bMiddle Technical University / College of Applied Arts,

Analysis of Regulations Gap Related to Village Funds in Indonesia

Mailinda Eka Yuniza^a, Muhammad Jibril^b, Fajar Muhammad Nashih^c, ^a,b,cFaculty of Law Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sosio Yustisia No. 1, Bulaksumur, Kab. Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia, Email: ^amailinda@ugm.ac.id,  ^bmuhjibril.law@gmail.com,  ^cfajarnashih@gmail.com

Assertion and Negation: Restrictions on the occurrence of the post-verbal Enclitic –š in Jordanian Arabic

Imran Alrashdan^a, Essa Salem^b, Mohd Nour Al Salem^c, ^a,b,cThe University of Jordan, Email: ^ai.alrashdan@ju.edu.jo,  ^bes.salem@ju.edu.jo,  ^cmo.alsalem@ju.edu.jo

Pire Teu in the Native Society of Dai Mau Enga Nanga Aewora Ende Regency

Zainur Wula^a, ^aFaculty of Social Science and Political Science, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang, Email: ^awulazainur@gmail.com,  zainur_wula@yahoo.com

Top Management Positions in the Airline Industry: The Role of Gender Differences

Sanhakot Vithayaporn^a, ^aFaculty of Business and Technology,

Stamford International University, Thailand,

E-mail: ^aSanhakot.vithayaporn@stamford.edu

Spiritual Education of Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari's: Implications for Religious Character Education

Jarkawi^a, Edris Zamroni^b*, Akhmad Rizki Ridhani^c, ^a,cUniversitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari, ^bUniversitas Muria Kudus, Email: ^ajarkawi.uniska@gmail.com,  ^b*edris.zamroni@umk.ac.id

Regulatory Focus and Employee Creativity: The Role of Individual Participation and Intellectual Stimulation

Jovi Sulistiawan^a*, Dian Ekowati^b, Poppy Sagita Putri^c, ^a,b,cDepartment of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Email: ^a*jovisulistiawan@feb.unair.ac.id

The Effects of Organisational Support on SMEs’ Perceived Performance: The Role of Human Resource Development, Innovation, and Information Technology

Chanongkorn Kuntonbutr^a, Natnarong Jaturus^b, Manfred Kulken^c, ^a,bRajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathumtani, Thailand, ^cWestfalische Hochschule Gelsenkirchen Bocholt Recklinghausen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, Email: ^achanongkorn_k@rmutt.ac.th, ^bnatnarong@rmutt.ac.th

A Supervision Model for Enhancing Private School Teacher Competency in English Language Learning Management

Patchanee Daensena^a, Tharinthorn Namwan^b, ^a,bFaculty of Education, Maha Sarakham University, Email: ^apook1975_@hotmail.com,  ^btharinthorn.n@gmail.com

Intrapreneurial Behaviour of Employees in the Era of Transformative Marketing: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Nagina Kanwal^a, Muhammad Farooq^b, Valliappan Raju^c, Temoor Anjum^d, Aneeqa Zreen^e, ^a,b,c,d,eLimkokwing University of Creative Technology, Malaysia, Email: ^anks_qureshi@hotmail.com,  ^bfarooq.buzdar2@gmail.com,  ^cvalliappan.raju@limkokwing.edu.my,  ^dtamooranjum@yahoo.com,  ^eZreen.aniqa@gmail.com

Creativity in the Performance of University Professors and its Relationship towards the Profession

Ali Jarad Yousef^a, ^aCollege of Education for Girls, University of Kufa, Iraq, Email: ^aalij.yusuf@uokufa.edu.iq

Using Modern Cost Techniques in Achieving Competitive Advantage: An Empirical Study in Iraqi Industrial Companies

Aqeel Shamkhi Jebur Al Bdairi^a, Hayder Oudah Kadhim^b, Mayida Hasan Madhi Mnaa AL -Graiti^c, ^aMinistry of education the general directorate of dewaniya education Iraq, ^bDepartment of Accounting College of Management and Economics, ^cAl-Furat Al- Awsat Technical University Babylon Technical Institute, Iraq, Email: ^aaqeel.shmke39@gmail.com,  ^bhadier.saidy@gu.edg.ig,  ^cmayda@atu.edu.iq

The Pragmatics of Truth and Fact: Mind Realisations and Knowledge   Manifestations

Wasan Abdali Ateeiy Al Khafijy^a, Nuha Hussein Kndooh Alismael^b, Khalid Hwaer Shams^c, ^a,bUniversity of Al-Qadisiyah, College of Education, Dept. of Arabic Language, ^cUniversity of Thiqar, College of Arts, Dept. of Arabic Language, Email: ^aWasan.abdali@qu.edu.iq,  ^bnuhaa.hussin@qu.edu.iq,  ^cKhaled.Hewair@uta.edu.iq

Expiry of the Interim Bank - An Analytical Study

Ahmed Hamid Abdul Hassan^a, Huda Sadoon Lafta^b, Hussein Obai Shawat^c*, ^aImam Jaafar Sadiq University, Iraq, ^b,cAl-Qadissiya University College of Law, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq, Email: ^c*Hussein.ali@qu.edu

The Validity of Technical Work in the Legal Protection Prescribed to an Artist

Aqeel Sarhan Mohammed^a, ^aLaw College, Al-Qadisiyah University, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq,

The Interests Considered from the Placement Decision

Hayder Hasan Shatawi^a, ^aAl-Muthanna University College of Law 2020, Email: ^adr.hayder1985@gmail.com

Differences in Religious Understanding and Social Integration

Ahmad Sarbini^a, ^aUniversitas Islam Negeri, Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia, Email: ^aahmadsarbini@uinsgd.ac.id

The Impact of Virtual Enterprise on Sustaining an Agile Manufacturing System

Mahmood Fahad  Abd Ali^a, Emad Wahab^b, Amjed Hameed Majeed^c, ^a,bCollege of Administration and Economics Karbalah University, Iraq, ^cAl Mustaqbal University College/  Al hilla, Email: ^amahmod.fahad@Uokerbala.edu.iq,  ^bEmadwahab54@yahoo.com,  ^cAmjed_hasoon@yahoo.com, Amjed_hameed@mustaqbal-college.edu.iq    

The Diasporic Home of the Displaced Youth in Susan Abulhawa’s ‘Mornings in Jenin’

Riham Alhadhoud^a, Deema Ammari^b*, ^a,bUniversity of Jordan, Email: ^b*deemaammari@yahoo.co.uk

Effect of Training and Development on the Turnover Intentions of Faculty Members in Universities of Pakistan

Altaf Hussain*¹, Nazim Ali², Asghar Ali³, Itbar Khan⁴, Mohib Ullah⁵, Mohammad Hanif Khan⁶, ^1,2Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce and Management Sciences, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, ^3,4Assistant professor, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, ⁵Assistant Professor, IBL, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pabbi, Campus, ⁶Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Email: ¹altafhussain@uom.edu.pk, ²nazimali100@yahoo.com, ³asghar5290100@yahoo.com, ⁴itbarkhan@uom.edu.pk, ⁵muhib@awkum.edu.pk, ⁶hanifyousafzai@uom.edu.pk