Vol 6 Iss 10

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Impact of Work Flexibility on Employee Performance

*Ghayur Ahmad^a, Muhammad Rafiq^b, Umair Ahmed^c, ^a,bCollege of Business Administration, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, ^cArab Open University, Bahrain,

*Corresponding Author Email: marchingdawn@gmail.com, mrafiq@pmu.edu.sa,  umairahm@gmail.com

Employee flexibility can be studied as a level which shows employee potential in the form of multi-tasking or their ability to work as an all-rounder. Employee flexibility means that a worker that can perform well in different job roles or work in different ways in a single job role. Employees that seem disinterested at work and unsatisfied are not flexible enough. A qualitative method of research has been followed to formulate this study with the assistance of secondary data. This research successfully identifies employee behaviour that is flexible and those employees that can be adjustable if provided with adequate training. However, some labourers are still not productive enough even after going through a trial and error period in an organization. Pages 1 to 10

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Public Sector Universities and Performance in the 21st Century: Underlining High Time for Entrepreneurship in the Higher Education Sector

*Nadeem Khalid^a, Umair Ahmed^b, Dewan Md Zahurul Islam^c, Hoyoung Lee^d, Leila Salykova^e, ^a,c,d KIMEP University, Kazakhstan, ^bBusiness Studies Department, Arab Open University, Bahrain, ^eSatbayev Kazakh National Technical University, Kazakhstan,

*Corresponding Author Email: nadeem.k@kimep.kz, mzidewan@kimep.kz, jayhylee@kimep.kz, umairahm@gmail.com, i.salykova@satbayyev.university,

This paper talks about one of the crucial and critical components of the 21st century, entrepreneurship. This paper discusses the significance of entrepreneurship and how the different facets of entrepreneurship can be taken into consideration for boosting organizational performance, particularly across public universities. This paper also sheds light on the concept of public entrepreneurship and the factors to enhance organizational performance in the higher education sector for government run entities. This paper pays attention to, with a critical appraisal on, these two concepts, to educate organizational scholars on learning the role and impact of these entities on university performance. Accordingly, with the thorough appreciation of the literature on these elements, the paper also seeks to encourage scholars to shed empirical light on the concepts and underline mature results for theory and practice. Pages 11 to 26

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 Does Virtual Counselling Service Media Influence High School Students’ Social Commitment?

*IM HAMBALI^a, ^aUniversitas Negeri Malang Indonesia,

*Corresponding Author E-mail: jeerpepe_17@yahoo.com

One of the guidance and counselling services scopes that is required to be given to students is the private-social context. In order to establish a harmonious social community, students must possess an attitude of social commitment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Virtual design media guidance services on the social commitment of high school students. The results of the study confirm that (1) Virtual design media is accessible, clearly designed and interestingly animated. (2) The seriousness in filling out the self-instruction sheet instruments and behaviour change agreement notes is another indicator that can show the accuracy of the selection of techniques and the relevance between techniques and Virtual design goals. Data shows that the respondents accept and follow with sincerity and responsibility. The difference between the final test results of the experimental group and the final test results of the control group is t = 6.646 and sig = 0,000. In summary, Virtual Message Guidance media can be applied in group guidance and it is effective. Pages 27 to 40

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Competitive Enhancement Efforts of Domestic Agribusiness with Preservation of Plant Variations

*Erlina B^a, Tami Rusli^b, Zainab Ompu Jainah^c, Melisa Safitri^d, Rifandy Ritonga^e, ^a,b,c,d,eFaculty of Law, Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, *Corresponding Author Email: *erlina@ubl.ac.id, tami.rusli@ubl.ac.id,

zainab@ubl.ac.id, melisa.safitri@ubl.ac.id, rifandy@ubl.ac.id  

The establishment of Act No. 29 of 2000 concerning the Preservation of Plant Varieties in Indonesia was carried out as preparation for Indonesia to join the Union Internationale organization pour la protection des Obtentions Vegetale (UPOV). The problem in this study is how legal protection for plant variety inventors is in increasing the national competitiveness of agribusiness. The results showed that the protection of plant varieties, in Act No. 13 of 2016 concerning Patents and Act No. 29 of 2000 concerning Preservation of Plant Variety as the implementation of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, could not be implemented by Indonesian breeders. The law on Patents has not accommodated the various expectations of breeders/holders to protect their inventions. Variety protection, through the law on the Preservation of Plant Variety, is as an effort to increase the competitiveness of national agribusinesses in the form of provisions for the protection of plant varieties that have not been assertive. It is clear that this has not been understood by breeders/Indonesian holders of existing plant varieties, who are a significant part of the Intellectual Property (IP) that has contributed to economic development. Pages 41 to 53

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 Corporate Social Accountability Model as a Form of Future National Economic Development

*Tami Rusli^a, Erlina B^b, Zainab Ompu Jainah^c, Rifandy Ritonga^d, ^a,b,c,dFaculty of Law, Bandar Lampung University, Indonesia, Email: *Corresponding Author: tami.rusli@ubl.ac.id,

erlina@ubl.ac.id, zainab@ubl.ac.id, rifandy@ubl.ac.id

Corporate social responsibility (“CSR”), as based on the provisions stipulated in the Act on Limited Liability Companies, has become a trend in recent years. From looking at this development, we formulated the problem of how a company’s social responsibility was viewed from a legal perspective in the framework of developing the model and its implementation in the interests of future national economic development. The purpose of this study is to find an appropriate form of implementation of CSR in Indonesia in relation to national economic development. This study uses a normative and empirical juridical approach with a focus on searching library data to examine the development of a model of CSR. Primary data was obtained by interviewing corporate organs in order to complete the library data, the data obtained was collected and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that the implementation of CSR in Indonesia has not fully met the provisions and principles of national economic development. This is because the practice of CSR in Indonesia has been an adoption of the concept of corporate philanthropy that developed in capitalist societies which put forward the practice of mercy or the concept of charity. Our suggestion is that the CSR model in Indonesia must be developed in accordance with the provisions and principles of national economic development, so that CSR is primarily placed as a means of empowering the people in the economic field by creating jobs to increase independence in accordance with Article 27 paragraph (2) 1945 Constitution. Pages 54 to 70

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 Understanding the Consumption of Halal Goods

Siti Zuara Ninalis Zuraini^a, *Shahir Akram Hassan^b, ^aCentre for Islamic Development Management Studies (ISDEV), ^bUniversiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia,

*Corresponding Author Email: zuaraninalis@gmail.com, shahirakram@usm.my

Lawful (halal) goods are products that conform to Islamic law, such as food, beauty products, clothing, types of equipment, etc. Consumption in Islam is the method and mechanism of using goods according to Islamic regulations. This practice aims to ensure that consumer goods are excellent and not excessive (ishraf) in delivering the final benefits according to Islamic principles. The consumption of halal goods means the behavioural indications, stances, attitudes and practices of Muslim consumers regarding things that are already halal-certified or verified. Although something is legally certified, from a consumption perspective, it must be used in a way that is not harmful, misleading or excessive. Is the consumption of halal goods Islamic-based? How does one best understand the consumption of halal goods? Two objectives must be achieved to answer these questions. First, one must identify the consumption of halal goods in Islam. Second, one must analyse the purpose of consuming halal goods based on Islamic consumption. This research used a document analysis method for data collection, and then a qualitative content analysis method was used to analyse the collected data. The findings summarise the consumption of halal goods based on Islamic consumption. Pages 71 to 81

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University Students’ Intentions to become Accountants: Examination using Fishbein and Ajzen’s Theory

*Erlane K Ghani^a, Nur Faezzah Mohamad^b, Mazurina Mohd Ali^c, Kamaruzzaman Muhammad^d,  ^a,b,c,dFaculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia,

*Corresponding Author Email: erlanekg@salam.uitm.edu.my

This study aims to examine the factors influencing accounting students to become accountants. Specifically, this study examines the influence of three factors namely, personal attributes, persons prompted career path and career exposure on students’ intention to become accountants. Using a questionnaire survey on 330 first and final year accounting students of a public university in Malaysia, the results show that personal attributes and career exposure significantly influence the students’ intention to become accountants. However, the result of this study shows that a persons prompted career path is not a significant factor in influencing their intention to become accountants. The findings in this study implicate that students’ interest in accounting plays a significant role in their preference to be in the accounting profession. Therefore, educators in the universities need to play an important role in nurturing the students’ interest to become accountants. This can be done by implementing creative teaching and learning environments to gain students’ interest and ensure that the accounting knowledge can be delivered effectively. Pages 82 to 126

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Do Audit Oversight Boards Matter for Governance? Evidence from Malaysia

*Rahayu Abdul Rahman^a, Nur Farizan Mazhani Mahmud^b, Siti Zalika Rosli^c, Normah Hj Omar^d, Erlane K Ghani^e, ^aAccounting Research Institute and Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Tapah Campus, 35400, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia, ^bFaculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Tapah Campus, 35400, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia, ^c,eFaculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, ^dAccounting Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia,

*Corresponding Author Email: rahay916@uitm.edu.my

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Audit Oversight Boards (AOB) monitoring on real earnings management (REM) activities in Malaysia. This study uses three proxies to measure real earnings management; abnormal cash flow from operations (RCFO), abnormal production costs (RPC) and abnormal discretionary expenses (RDE). Using a final sample of 656 firm-year observations of Malaysian Top 100 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2007 to 2014, this study finds that AOB has a significant and negative relation with RCFO. The findings suggest that AOB-inspection firms are less likely to manage their reported earnings using abnormal cash flows from operations. Further, this study segregates sample firms into three categories based on their blockholdings: government-owned companies (GLC), family-owned companies (FAMOWN) and foreign-owned companies (FORGOWN). The results however show that AOB only has a significant and negative relation to the RCFO of GLCs. Overall, the findings suggest that AOB may not be enough to limit REM activities in a Malaysian setting. Pages 127 to 149

The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support in the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Job Performance of Educationists in Public Sector Institutes of Thailand

Kittisak Jermsittiparsert^a,b, Choo Ling Suan^c, *Narentheren Kaliappen^d, ^aDepartment for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, ^bFaculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, ^cDepartment of Management and Marketing, College of Business Administration, University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain, ^dSchool of International Studies, College of Law, Government & International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia, Email: kittisak.jermsittiparsert@tdtu.edu.vn, csuan@uob.edu.bh,  

*Corresponding Author Email: narentheren@uum.edu.my

The prime objective of the current study is to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance. In addition, the mediating role of organizational commitment and the moderating role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is examined. The general aim of this study is to examine the associations between the employee’s job satisfaction, organizational commitment, perceived organizational support and their job performance in the educational institutes of Thailand. Inspired by debates and empirical results in the extant literature, an alternative view of the associations between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, perceived organizational support and employee job performance are proposed. The study is among the pioneering studies on the issues. The current study has used SEM-PLS as statistical tool to answer the research questions raised, and the research objectives envisaged in the current study. The findings of the current study have provided support to the hypothesized results. Pages 150 to 171

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 How the Perception of Effective Entrepreneur Education Affects Entrepreneur Intention among Students of the Leading Business Schools in Thailand: The Moderating Role of University Support

Sakapas Saengchai^a, *Jutamat Sutduean^b,  ^aFaculty of Humanities and Social Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, ThailandFaculty of Humanities and Social Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bCollege of Innovative Business and Accountancy, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand,

*Corresponding Author: E-mail:  ^b607191030012@dpu.ac.th, ^asakapas.sa@ssru.ac.th,

Entrepreneurship has led to the ever increasing and continuously growing field of entrepreneurship education. However, there are growing concerns about the effectiveness of the programs in forming entrepreneurial intention and the ultimate advancement of enterprising behaviour. Hence, this study investigates the relationship between perceived effective entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. 252 Thai university students were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Based on the findings, this study contributes theoretically by extending the use of both the theory of planned behaviour, and Shaper’s entrepreneurial event model framework, to increase the understanding of the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. Methodologically, this study contributes by employing hierarchical modelling using PLS-SEM to explain the relationships developed. In practical terms, the findings provide the stakeholders responsible for entrepreneurship development a better picture of the formation of entrepreneurial intentions, as well as the impact of potential venture initiators’ beliefs and perceptions on their intention to commence a business. Overall, it enables the government and policymakers to direct thoughts and resources on young adults who are likely to form entrepreneurial intentions, and consequently, create business ventures. Pages 172 to 192

The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Passion in the Relationship between Entrepreneur Education and Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students in Thailand

Thanaporn Sriyakul^a, *Kittisak Jermsittiparsert^b,c, ^aFaculty of Business Administration, Mahanakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bDepartment for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, ^cFaculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,

*Corresponding Author E-mail: *^b,ckittisak.jermsittiparsert@tdtu.edu.vn, ^aajbamut@gmail.com, 

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 Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Role of Creativity Disposition among University Students in Thailand

*Somdech Rungsrisawat^a, Chutipan Sutduean^b, ^aFaculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bGraduate School, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand,

*Corresponding Author E-mail: ^asomdech.ru@ssru.ac.th ^bchutipan_law@outlook.com

The main objective of the current study is to examine the impact of entrepreneurial education and creativity disposition on entrepreneurial intention among university students in Thailand. Additionally, the study has examined the mediating role of creativity disposition in the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention. This study employed components based on SEM (PLS-SEM), or the PLS path modelling, to carry out confirmatory research based on the responses obtained from 595 observations. The findings of the study revealed that entrepreneurship intention is higher among the students who have studied entrepreneurship education as compared with students who have not studied these courses. It was also found that the ability of an individual to become an entrepreneur is based on their level of creative thinking and identification of opportunities to develop new products or services. This research identified that there is need for university support in improving the intention of young graduates to start-up businesses. The findings of the study have given a way forward for future studies as well. It has been identified that there is need for an advancement of training programs which influence the skills, behaviour and characteristics required for entrepreneurs. This study has contributed to existing literature in terms of practice, methodology, and theory. The use of SEE and TPB has been extended by this research for drawing useful information about entrepreneurship intention and entrepreneurship education. Pages 213 to 232

The Role of Entrepreneur Education in Shaping Student’s Views on Self-Employment: A Study of University Students in Thailand

Thanaporn Sriyakul^a, *Kittisak Jermsittiparsert^b,c, ^aFaculty of Business Administration, Mahanakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bDepartment for Management of Socila Scinces and Techonology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Ming City, Vietnam, ^cFaculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 

Corresponding Author E-mail:  ^b,ckittisak.jermsittiparsert@tdtu.edu.vn ^aajbamut@gmail.com

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The Role of Corporate Entrepreneurship as a mediator between Cultural and Environmental Factors, and Organizational Performance in State Government Higher Education Institutions of Thailand

Sakapas Saengchai^a,  *Jutamat Sutduean^b, ^aFaculty of Humanities and Social Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bCollege of Innovative Business and Accountancy, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: ^asakapas.sa@ssru.ac.th, *Corresponding Author Email: ^b607191030012@dpu.ac.th

This research explores what factors are associated with corporate entrepreneurship, and they are related to the performance of higher education institutions in Thailand. This study has conducted a comprehensive empirical test of the mediating effect of corporate entrepreneurship between four determinant factors and organizational performance. The limitations of this study need to be addressed for further research. This study has used a survey-based methodology and has employed SEM-PLS to achieve the objectives of the current study. At a practical level the research has found that increased risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactive propensities are more likely to improve performance of state government higher education institutions. A range of barriers and constraints to adopting entrepreneurial activities exist in the public sector. However, state government higher education institutions have to pay attention to opportunity-driven strategic orientations, derived from public entrepreneurial activities, rather than a resource driven strategic direction, where public sector entities design their organizational scheme. The results of this study further highlight that, although the model of corporate entrepreneurship in the state government higher education institutions is not a formal blueprint or a comprehensive framework replacing a variety of models of public sector management, corporate entrepreneurship in the public sector higher education institutions may be an integral component in models of public management. Pages 258 to 277

The Mediating Effect of University Role in Determining the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurial Perception and New Venture Creation: A Thai Case Study

Fazle Rabbi^a, Samson Waibe Bature^b, Mohammad Ahmad Al Omari^c, *Kittisak Jermsittiparsert^d,e, ^aAustralian Computer Society, Australia, ^bFederal College of Education (Technical), Nigeria, ^cCollege of Business, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, ^dDepartment for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, ^eFaculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,  Email: mohammad.alomari@aau.ac.ae, 

*Corresponding Author email: kittisak.jermsittiparsert@tdtu.edu.vn

The prime objective of the current study is to examine the mediating effect of university role in determining the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial perception and new venture creation among university students in Thailand. It is challenging to merge studies with business engagements, especially for full time students due to the tied learning activities. However, some students allocate time for entrepreneurial involvements based on their timetable. Time utilization for an entrepreneur is very crucial, that is why many scholars view time as a currency needs to be wisely utilized. The notion behind this assumption is to inculcate students’ entrepreneurial mindset from the outset, so that after graduation they will at least have acquired basic business venture skills. The present study aims to explain the relationship between independent mediating and dependent variables. Thus, this paper employed PLS-SEM due to its’ flexibility, lower sample size requirement, and handling of multiple regressions. Furthermore, PLS-SEM consists of formative and reflective constructs. This study has focused on the relationship between entrepreneurial business venture creation and various variables that might influence it. This study has explained in detail the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship perception, university role, and new venture creation. Pages 278 to 298

Exploring the Nexus between Entrepreneurial Skills, Environmental Support, Motivational Factors and Entrepreneur Intention among the Thai University Graduates

Parinya Siriattakul^a, *Kittisak Jermsittiparsert^b,c, ^aPolitical Science Association of Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bDepartment for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, ^cFaculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,  E-mail: ^asiriattakul@hotmail.com,

*Corresponding Author Email: ^b,ckittisak.jermsittiparsert@tdtu.edu.vn

The main objective of the current study is to explore the nexus between entrepreneurial skill, environmental support, motivational factors and entrepreneur intention among Thai university graduates. This study has examined the mediating role of environmental support and the moderating role of motivational factors in the relationship between entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneur intention.  It was revealed that there is insufficient recent research on the role of motivation in the process of entrepreneurship. Variations in the motivation level of different individuals, such as university students, has not been considered by the theories of entrepreneurship. Therefore, this research considers relevant factors of motivation to analyse their influence on entrepreneurial intention. The information was collected from a sample of 511 students, which included both male and female students. The sampling was done through the convenient sampling method. The results of this study indicate that students have high intentions for being an entrepreneur, which reflects students’ intentions to start new businesses in future. The study has employed SEM-PLS to analyse the questionnaire. The results of the study are in line with the hypothesized results. The study is among the pioneering studies on the issues. The current study has used SEM-PLS as statistical tool to answer the research questions raised in this study and the research objectives envisaged in the current study. The findings of the current study have provided support to the hypothesized results. This study will be helpful for policymakers and researcher.  Pages 299 to 318

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Exploring the nexus between entrepreneur orientation, entrepreneur education, entrepreneur self-efficacy and entrepreneur intention among university students in Thailand

*Sudawan Somjai^a, Nuanluk Sangperm^b, ^aGraduate School, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bFaculty of Management Science, Kasetsart University Si Racha Campus, Chonburi, Thailand,  E-mail: *Corresponding Author Email: ^asudawan.so@ssru.ac.th,

  ^bnuanluk.sp@hotmail.com

The prime objective of the current study is to explore the nexus between entrepreneur orientation, entrepreneur education, entrepreneur self-efficacy, and entrepreneur intention among university students in Thailand.  In order to encourage greater involvement in entrepreneurial activities, policymakers, researchers, and educators need to highlight the factors influencing behaviour and ways to energize entrepreneurial intentions. The results of the study indicate that the issue of entrepreneurship movement in Thailand could be attributed to instability within a political setting and poor execution of socioeconomic policies of consecutive governments, which has contributed to the problem of high levels of unemployment in Thailand. The study is among the first to examine these issues. Therefore, SEM-PLS has been used as a statistical tool to address the research questions and research objectives raised in the current study. The findings of the current study have provided support of the hypothesized results. Therefore, the findings contribute to the existing literature regarding entrepreneurial intention by introducing individual entrepreneurial orientation into the model. (ii) Most of the studies of entrepreneurial intention were conducted outside of the African continent. Specifically, the studies were conducted in developed countries in Europe, America, and Asia. The findings of the current study could practically contribute to government and policy makers as well as to University management in creating policies. Pages 319 to 338

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The Moderating Role of Entrepreneur Orientation in the Relationship between Knowledge Management, Transformational Leadership and Performance of Higher Education Institutes in Thailand

*Sudawan Somjai^a, Nuanluk Sangperm^b, ^aGraduate School, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bFaculty of Management Science, Kasetsart University Si Racha Campus, Chonburi, Thailand,  E-mail: *Corresponding Author Email: ^asudawan.so@ssru.ac.th

 ^bnuanluk.sp@hotmail.com

The main focus of the current study is in examining the moderating role of entrepreneur orientation in the relationship between knowledge management, transformational Leadership and performance of higher education institutes in Thailand. The present study attempts to examine the relationship between organizational excellence and transformational leadership or knowledge management. The study also analysed the impact of entrepreneurial orientation upon these relationships as a moderator. A response bias analysis was performed which was found to have a small effect on the analysis. This study analysed the internal structure of transformational leadership, organizational excellence, entrepreneurial orientation, and knowledge management. Internal consistency was checked by performing principal component analysis. A survey method was used in this research. The instrument for collection of data used was a questionnaire. The sample targeted for the study included finance and operational managers working in the higher education sector. This study is among the pioneering studies on the issues. SEM-PLS is used as statistical tool to answer the research questions raised in this study and research objectives envisaged in the current study. The findings of the current study have provided support to the hypothesized results. Pages 339 to 358

The Mediating Effect of Organizational Culture on the Relationship between Total Quality Management, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance: A Case of Thai Universities

Arifeen Yama^a, Abdunrohman Mukem^b, *Kittisak Jermsittiparsert^c, ^a,bInstitute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

^cSocial Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Email: ^aarifeen.y@chula.ac.th, ^bAbdunrohman.M@chula.ac.th, 

*Corresponding Author Email: ^ckittisak.j@chula.ac.th

The main aim of the current study is to examine the mediating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between total quality management, entrepreneurial orientation and performance: a case of Thai universities. The literature suggests that the mismatch among organizational culture and strategy implementation is the reason for unsuccessful strategy implementation. The reflected outcomes will not become satisfactory until the organizational culture suitably fits the strategy. The current study represented an attempt to fill this theoretical gap in the literature. In order to resolve the inconsistent findings in the literature regarding the performance implications of TQM and EO, this study aimed to examine the effect of organizational culture to support the principles of the contingency theory and the cultural assumptions for successful organization as emphasized by the organizational change theory. Around the globe, the services sector has been gaining considerable attention as the economy’s main growth contributor. In the current study, cultural strength and innovation were found to correlate with the sum insured, whereas task and team orientation were found to correlate with staff turnover. In addition, this study discovered that for the manufacturing industry, a correlation exists between supportiveness and net profits growth. The results of the study are in line with the fact that the success of an organizations’ TQM initiatives can be mainly attributed to the fit between TQM practices and the organization’s cultural environment. The contributions of this study are many. Indeed, from a theoretical perspective, this study demonstrated the importance of TQM in the service industry, particularly in the banking industry. Pages 359 to 380

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The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Performance of Universities in Thailand: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneur Orientation

Sakapas Saengchai^a, *Jutamat Sutduean^b, ^aFaculty of Humanities and Social Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bCollege of Innovative Business and Accountancy, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand,  E-mail: ^asakapas.sa@ssru.ac.th, *Corresponding Author Email: ^b607191030012@dpu.ac.th

The prime objective of the current study is to examine the relationship between intellectual capital and the performance of universities in Thailand, and to understand the mediating role of entrepreneur orientation in this relationship. Several gaps have been identified in the literature which require investigation. The first is related to examining the various components of intellectual capital which have been proposed by several researchers. These include relational capital, human capital, and structural capital. Moreover, there is inconsistency in the findings of previous studies related to the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of firms. To achieve the objective of the current study, SEM-PLS was employed. In previous research studies, the focus has been on manufacturing organizations. The study is among the first to address these issues. In sum, SEM-PLS has been used as a statistical tool to address the research questions raised, and the research objectives envisaged, in the current study. The findings of the current study have supported the hypotheses. This study will be helpful for policymakers and researchers. Pages 381 to 401

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Entrepreneurial Alertness, Social Network, Creativity and Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition among the University Students of Thailand: Does the Prior Knowledge of the Students Matter

*Somdech Rungsrisawat^a, Chutipan Sutduean^b, ^aFaculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, ^bGraduate School, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand,  E-mail:

*Corresponding Author Email: ^asomdech.ru@ssru.ac.th, ^bchutipan_law@outlook.com

The main objective of the current study is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness, social networks, creativity, and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition among university students in Thailand. Additionally, the moderating role of prior knowledge will be examined. The present study uses SEM as it is a second-generation statistical technique which provides robust results. Moreover, SEM-PLS allows for statistical modelling and estimation of complex phenomena. Thus it is the most preferred method to assess theoretical models in quantitative research. It enables researchers to assess complex and advanced theoretical models without much dependency on statistical methods. The current study has introduced entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (EOR) as a way to operationalize and measure entrepreneur performance. Successful performance of entrepreneurs, in terms of EOR, can be achieved through the use of different types of resources which are intangible in nature, and which thus satisfy the criteria of VRIN resources. A theoretical implication of this study is that it provides additional empirical evidence and support to the theory which was examined. The theoretical value of this study is that it establishes the relevance of the resource-based view in the context of entrepreneurs’ opportunity recognition ability. This study provides empirical evidence in support of the RBV theory. Pages 402 to 419

An Analysis of the Literature on Political Stability and Foreign Direct Investment

Suleiman Zangina^a, Sallahuddin Hassan^b*, Mukaramah Harun^c, ^a,b,cSchool of Economics Finance and Banking (SEFB), College of Business (COB) Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia, *Corresponding Author Email: ^b*din636@uum.edu.my

Copyright Law Guidelines to Promote a Digital Economy: A Case Study of Big Data

*Thepparat Phimolsathien^a, ^aLecturer, Faculty of Administration and Management, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand *Corresponding Author Email: thepparat@hotmail.com

The advancement of technological innovation has begun to play a role in the development of competitiveness in the industrial sector of Thailand. The government sector has determined its inability to establish a regulatory framework by introducing a copyright legislation, which is considered as a practical solution for both government and the private sector. This research has three objectives: 1) studying the situation of big data management in organizations under the digital economy; 2) studying the problem of copyright law with regards to big data in Thailand; and 3) proposing guidelines for promoting the success of copyright law with regards to big data in Thailand. The researcher used qualitative methods to conduct in-depth interviews with 60 key informants from three target groups of business; including 20 persons from banking businesses, 20 persons from real estate businesses, and 20 persons from retailer businesses, which are involved with copyright law in the context of big data in Thailand.  The study found that Thailand's leading companies demonstrate their relationship with big data management scenarios. That is, when the data becomes more diverse and continually increases, consumer behaviours change according to current value. The big data analytics also show that the banking group focuses on big data more than other business segments. Big data copyright law problems in the digital economy include security issues and access to personal information. Promoting the success of big data copyright law contains 3 guidelines: 1) enforce on personal data by legislation encompassing the exchange of big data through the consent of the data owner; 2) copyright law requires flexibility and must not hinder the development of technology in line with the digital world, and 3) develop qualified personnel in big data and artificial intelligence (AI), to promote and support professional data engineers, data scientists, and data analysts. Pages 452 to 477