Vol 7 Iss 9

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An Analysis of the Knowledge of Disaster Preparedness and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Promotion on Earthquake Disaster Preparedness

Qomariyatus Sholihah^a, Izza Mahdalena Nisa’ul Fhaiz^b, Aulanni’am^c, Wahyudi Kuncoro^d, Ir. Oyong Novareza^e, Rahmi Yuniarti^f, ^aDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia, ^bVeterinary Program, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia, ^cMaster’s Program of Hospital Management, University of Brawijaya and Unisma Islamic Hospital, Malang, Indonesia, E-mail: ^aqomariyatus@ub.ac.id,  ^bizzamahdalena.im@gmail.com,  ^caulani@ub.ac.id,  ^dwahyudikuncoro@gmail.com,  ^enovareza15@ub.ac.id,  ^frahmi_yuniarti@ub.ac.id

Indonesia is a country that often experiences natural disasters; earthquakes often occur in in Indonesia. Brawijaya University is located in Malang City, which is often shaken by shallow scale earthquakes. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between Brawijaya University students’ knowledge about disaster preparedness and OHS promotion on earthquake disasters preparedness. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation and distribution of questionnaires. Data analysis was done through the Partial Least Square (PLS) method to determine the level of knowledge of disaster preparedness and OHS promotion on earthquake disaster preparedness. The results of this research are that knowledge of disaster preparedness and OHS promotion have an impact on the earthquake disaster preparedness. Higher knowledge of disaster preparedness and OHS promotion will increase earthquake disaster preparedness. This study recommends the promotion of earthquake disaster socialization for students of Brawijaya University, and promotion about OHS which contains OHS training and specific counselling on earthquake disaster preparedness. Pages 1 to 10

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Analysis of Housekeeping 5s (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke) in Laboratory

Qomariyatus Sholihah^a, Oktavia Regina Putri Nugraha^b, Gugus Irianto^c, Wahyudi Kuncoro^d, ^a,b,cIndustrial Engineering, Brawijaya University, Indonesia, ^dRSI Unisma, Malang, Indonesia, Email: ^aqomariyatus@ub.ac.id,   ^borpn07@gmail.com

This study aims to analyse the implementation of housekeeping in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University so as to provide improvements to laboratory work areas that are used by workers and students. The method used in regulating the repair of laboratory work areas is the basic 5S concept approach (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke). The main focus of this research is manufacturing laboratories that are not good at applying 5S work culture concepts. Manufacturing laboratories have a total score of 36% in the 5S checklist form, which indicates that their 5S implementation is bad. The results of the observations were analysed with fishbone diagrams to find out the causes of the problem and a SWOT analysis is done on internal/external workplace safety and health management. Recommendations for improvements include: good implementation of 5S in laboratories, work instructions that oblige to maintain occupational health and safety, and periodic supervision. Pages 11 to 25

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 Analysis of Physical Environmental Factors at Manufacturing Laboratories

Qomariyatus Sholihah^a, Annisa Yossi^b, Sylvie Indah Kartika Sari^c, Alvin Arie Wibowo^d, a,b,c,dJurusan Teknik Industri, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Mayjen Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia, Email: ^aqomariyatus@ub.ac.id,  ^bannisa.yossi13@gmail.com

The physical work environment is everything that surrounds workers and that can affect the carrying out of assigned tasks, such as lighting, air temperature, movement space, security, cleanliness, etc. This study analyses environmental factors that have not met governmental standards in the laboratories in the Faculty of Engineering, University Brawijaya. Based on the Regulation of Indonesia’s Minister of Health Number 70 of 2016 concerning Standards and Health Requirements for the Industrial Work Environment regarding physical factor requirements, lighting capacity must be higher than 200 lux, however, at the Faculty of Engineering, the manufacturing laboratories lights’  are only 91.8 lux. Analysis is carried out with a SWOT and a Fishbone Diagram. A SWOT analysis is an evaluation of all strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges, which relate to an object, while a fish bone diagram will explain the problem and its control so that an assessment can be given to minimize the danger that exists in the Faculty of Engineering Laboratories at Brawijaya University. Pages 26 to 34

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Analysis of the Effects of Traffic Sign Application at Brawijaya University

Qomariyatus Sholihah^a, Septia Rana Salsabila^b, Wahyudi Kuncoro^c, ^a,b,cIndustrial Engineer Department, Brawijaya University Mayjen Haryono Street 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia, Email: ^aqomariyatus@ub.ac.id,  ^bseptiarana@gmail.com,  ^cwahyudikuncoro@gmail.com

Driving accidents at Brawijaya University are caused by several factors, not only the people of Brawijaya University using the infrastructure facilities, but also those from outside communities that use the infrastructure facilities. The method of data collection is a questionnaire that was distributed to 100 respondents. The results suggest that most motorbike riders violate existing traffic signs at Brawijaya University and most traffic violators are motorbike riders. These riders identify various reasons for their violations, one being the length of the route and the lack of traffic signs in the college area. Based on the high number of violations, an analysis was carried out using the JSA method, which is a method for analyzing a hazard in an activity and is used to develop solutions that can reduce and control hazards. Thus, the findings of this research can be given to Brawijaya University so as to enable them to minimize traffic accidents. Pages 35 to 41

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Analysis of Water Quality Based on BOD and COD Levels in Unisma Hospital

Qomariyatus Sholihah^a, Dyan Nur Ajeng prillia^b, Nuhfil Hanani^c, Wahyudi Kuncoro^d, Potijo Tri Juono^e, ishardita Pambudi Tama^f, ^a,b,c,fDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia, ^dMaster’s Program of Hospital Management, University of Brawijaya and Unisma Islamic Hospital, Malang, Indonesia, ^eDepartment of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia, Email: ^aqoqom_kuncoro@yahoo.co.nz,  ^bdyannurajeng@gmail.com,  ^cwahyudikuncoro@gmail.com,  ^dpitojo_tj@ub.ac.id,  ^ekangdith@ub.ac.id

Humans are facing worsening environmental problems, such as the depletion of clean water. Pollution that occurs either through soil, or poor sanitation, will affect the quality of water produced by the water sources around Unisma Hospital. This study aims to analyse the quality of water around the area of Unisma Hospital. This research is an observational research that is descriptive in nature. The study sample was taken from a well in the area of Unisma Hospital. Lab tests were carried out to measure the water quality, with the dependent variables being the form of BOD, COD, and PH of the water sample. The results of the study indicate that the parameters (BOD, COD, PH), when compared to the standard quality requirements based on East Java Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2008 concerning Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control in East Java Province, reveal that water quality is influenced by the flow of waste, garbage, and other pollution. The results of measurements of well water quality indicate that there are parameters that do not meet the quality standard requirements. Well water quality is influenced by toilet distance, domestic liquid waste and other pollutants. Water quality and quality of well water has decreased, so increased supervision of the quality of well water is needed. Pages 42 to 48

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Effect of Using Non-Ergonomic Chairs on Industrial Engineering Students

Qomariyatus Sholihah^a, Dhymas Apriliyanto Widodo^b, Wahyudi Kuncoro^c, Angga Akbar Fanani^d, Zefry Darmawan^e, ^a,b,c,d,eIndustrial Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Mayjen Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia, Email: ^aqomariyatus@ub.ac.id,  ^bdhymas.aw@gmail.com

This research discusses and analyses the use of non-ergonomic chairs by industrial engineering students. The background of this research is that students spend many hours studying, most of them seated.  Non-ergonomic chairs make students less comfortable in the learning process. The use of non-ergonomic chairs are for long periods of time can cause damage to MSDs, with complaints of muscle pain in the shoulder area, neck stiffness, and back pain. The research data was taken from Industrial Engineering Department students in 2016 by conducting interviews and receiving questionnaires. An evaluation of lecture chairs is carried out in accordance with ergonomics and anthropometry. The results of the interviews and questionnaires on the chairs of the Industrial Engineering Department provided that most students claimed to be uncomfortable using the lecture chairs. Results Retrieving data is then analysed to obtain improvements. The recommended improvement is to redesign the lecture chair using human body dimensions (Anthropometry).  Pages 49 to 58

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Risk Analysis of Laboratory Hazards with Hazop (Hazard and Operability Study) Methods

Qomariyatus Sholihah^a, Elisa Dwi FFeditasari^b, Wahyudi Kuncoro^c, Wifqi Azlia^d, Sri Widyawati^e, ^a,b,c,d,eIndustrial Engineering Department, Brawijaya University, Jl. Mayjen Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia, Email: ^aqomariyatus@ub.ac.id,  ^belisadwifeditasari@gmail.com

The Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering University X has 5 laboratories that are used as a means of practicum and research. The laboratories contain equipment, machines and computers. The application of OSH in these laboratories is lacking, as can be seen from the condition of the laboratories where conditions such the following are present: absence of Light Fire Extinguisher (APAR) and First Aid Equipment (P3K), the absence of safety signs, improper arrangement of tools and machines for practicum, and improper placement of electrical cables and computers. This study aims to determine the potential risks inherent in the FT-UB Industrial Engineering laboratories, assess the level of risks found and subsequently provide a solution for each hazard found. The method used in this research is HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study). The results obtained provide that the laboratory that has the highest amount of risk is the Manufacturing Systems laboratory. The many risks that arise in this laboratory are related to the use of machines, tools and practicum materials. For all laboratories, the objects of potential risk are mainly related to the absence of APAR and P3K, the absence of safety signs, and the absence of clear SOPs when entering the laboratory area. Pages 59 to 72

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The Role of Social Networks in Building Cooperation to Improve Community Economic Welfare

Ahmad Bakri Putra^a*, Muhamad Ali Embi^b, ^aPhD Student at Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government, Universiti Utara Malaysia, ^bProfessor College of Law, Government and International Studies Universiti Utara Malaysia, Email: ^a*abakri@gmail.com

A new economic development which portrays social networks as a means of cooperation by creating cultural norms and local wisdom. Social networks are able to map and strengthen togetherness because they build trust and togetherness through a community or association. The question of how social networks function and strengthen association members in increasing economic welfare is an interesting study point, especially considering the current challenges of modernization and sophistication of communication tools. Kebumen Laundry Association in Central Java is considered by its’ members to be a forum to share information. Each member receives new information that they can use for promoting their own business. The objective of this research was to find out the social networks among the laundry members in Kebumen District, Central Java, Indonesia, in increasing cooperation to improve economic welfare. The results reveal efforts made to make an advanced and trusted laundry business. In general, Kebumen Laundry Association social network can build cooperation, improve mutual prosperity, and provide the best service to the community.  Pages 73 to 86

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The Effects of Community Empowerment and Participation in the Reduction of Poverty: A Case Study on Potorono and Wonokromo Bantul Villages

Tri Siwi Nugrahani^a, Suharni^b, Rosalia Indriyati Saptatiningsih^c, Mohamed Nor Azhari Azman^d, ^a,b,cDepartment of Account, University of PGRI Yogyakarta, Jl. PGRI I No.117 Sonosewu Yogyakarta, 55182 Indonesia, ^dFaculty of Technical and Vocational, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia, Email: ^a*trisiwi@upy.ac.id/ trisiwinugrahani26@gmail.com 

This research aims to examine the role of community empowerment and participation in the reduction of poverty in Bantul Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The population of Bantul is quite large at 992,600 people (BPS Bantul, 2017). Of this population, 14.70%, of the population is considered poor. This equates to approximately 139,666 people. Therefore, efforts need to be made to reduce poverty in this area. This study collected data from 34 respondents, consisting of village officials and community leaders. For this case study, data collection techniques included the use of questionnaires was implemented This data was then interpreted using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that in 64.70% of cases empowerment and community participation were able to reduce poverty. Participation and community empowerment is defined as the optimization of productive groups with a focus on education, health, economy and environment. Pages 87 to 108

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 Examining the Influential Experiences of Organizational Politics in the Higher Education Sector Punjab, Pakistan

Tasawar Javed^a, Shahibudin Ishak^b*, ^a,bSchool of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia,

Corresponding author, Email: ^b*shahibudin@uum.edu.my

The inevitable phenomenon of organizational politics is influenced by various factors and instigates devastating consequences on a workplace. Power and politics are considered as key elements in decision making, which shapes the behaviours of employees. Organizational politics have been considered as a significant reality that is widely observed among employees and is influenced by various factors. The perception of organizational politics has been addressed by various scholars and further enriched by identifying influential factors according to cultural, demographic and individual changes. This study primarily focused on determining the perception of organizational politics by extending previous research. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge related to organizational politics by explaining and empirically examining the relationship between ‘scarcity of resources’, ‘workplace belongingness’ and ‘Machiavellianism’ among employees of higher education sector in Punjab, Pakistan. The study is innovative in its approach as it defines and empirically examines the relationship between workplace belongingness and the perception of organizational politics. The results were analysed by using SMART-PLS and found that influential variables belong to different categories and instigate the level of organizational politics. The results found that scarcity of resources positively influenced the perception of organizational politics. Workplace belongingness was found to negatively influence the perception of organizational politics. Machiavellianism was also found to influence the political activity at workplace. This study suggested taking appropriate measures to reduce the political phenomenon in the higher education sector to reduce negative impacts and consequences. Pages 109 to 131

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The Management and Manufacture of Essential Oil Distillation Equipment using the Direct Steam Distillation Method

Udin Komarudin^a, Nia Nuraeni Suryaman^b, Martoni^c, Savitri Galih^d, Mohd. Haizam bin Mohd. Saudi^e, ^a,b,c,d,eWidyatama University, Email: ^akomarudin.mt@widyatama.ac.id,  ^bnia.suryaman@widyatama.ac.id,   ^cmartoni.mt@widyatama.ac.id,  ^dsavitri.galih@widyatama.ac.id,  ^ehaizam@widyatama.ac.id

The production of Atsiri oil is a complex process that requires significant planning in order to create products that are both high in quality and quantity. Prior to production, it is important to have an understanding of essential oils. This includes knowledge regarding types of oils and their uses, the manufacturing processes including refining mechanisms and materials used, as well as the targeted time frames for production. Essential oil, also known as etheric oil (aetheric oil), essential oil, volatile oil, and aromatic oil, is a large group of vegetable oils that form viscous liquid at room temperature but easily evaporate to give a typical scent. Essential oils are used as raw materials in various industries, such as perfume, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and flavouring agents in the food and beverage industry.  These oils usually consist of various mixtures of chemical compounds formed from elements of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). The most common method of purifying essential oils is through Direct Steam Distillation. This paper observes the implementation of Essential Oil Machine Manufacturing Activities. The analysis methods include: site surveys, production processes, equipment purchases, equipment testing in workshops, equipment delivery, installation and assembly of equipment on site, and field trials. Through this research, it was found that the distillation of essential oils from 2.1 kg, raw material for patchouli leaves, obtained essential oils as much as 62 ml (2.95%). Pages 132 to 143

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 Understanding XBRL Adoption Process and Adoption Type among Regulators: A Malaysian Evidence

Azleen Ilias^a, Erlane K Ghani^b, Zubir Azhar^c, ^aCollege of Business and Administration Universiti Tenaga Nasional Malaysia, ^bFaculty of Accountancy Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia, ^cSchool of Management Universiti Sains Malaysia. Email: azleens@uniten.edu.my; erlanekg@uitm.edu.my; zubirazhar@usm.my

Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) has evolved over more than a decade and affects the financial reporting landscape worldwide. However, since its evolvement, XBRL has yet to be fully adopted around the world, particularly in Malaysia. This study aims at providing a better understanding on XBRL adoption by identifying the current state of XBRL adoption process and the type of adopters among the regulators in Malaysia. This study develops a framework by utilising the research framework developed by Rogers’s (1983) adoption process. A case study approach consisting of interview with the regulators and thematic analysis were used. Based on the response of four regulators and documents analyses, this study found that the regulators are moving towards full XBRL adoption although slowly. Out of the four regulators, two regulators are considered early adopters whilst the remaining two regulators are an early majority. The findings of this study serve as a guideline for regulators and government agencies as well as contribute to the corpus of existing academic knowledge and literature.  Pages 144 to 163

The Contribution of Muhammad Syukri Salleh to Contemporary Islamic Economic Thought

Ahmad Azrin Adnan^a, Anisah Endut^b, Suraya Ismail^c, ^a,b,cFaculty of Business and Management Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia,

An argument that is frequently defended when developing Islamic economics is that the Western approach cannot be excluded. Hence, either this approach is used exclusively or in part; it can be accepted as long as it does not contradict Islamic values. This is the approach that has infiltrated mainstream Islamic economic thinking; however, some scholars have chosen a different viewpoint, feeling that it is rather odd that Islamic economics has been developed according to a non-Islamic approach. Muhammad Syukri Salleh emerged from this group of scholars. When creating a concept based on the views of Islamic universalism, his thoughts were inside a new box and not outside the box. He felt an urgent need for Islamic economics to be built according to an Islamic framework based on an Islamic worldview as an epistemology; he redefined various concepts and principles. The findings in this article were summarised based on a textual analysis of several of his literary works on aspects such as economics, interviews and observations. The article creates a vivid image of a contemporary Islamic economics scholar. Pages 164 to 180

Learners’ Perceptions of a Creative Language Game-Based Program

Rosyati Abdul Rashid^a, Sharon Sui-Lin Lim^b, Nik Izyani Nik Nordin^c, Wan Nurhafeza Wan Salam^d, Noor Azida Ab. Wahab^e, Alyani Ayub^f, ^a,b,c,d,e,fUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia, Email: ^arosyati@umt.edu.my,  ^bsharon@umt.edu.my, ^cizyani@umt.edu.my, ^dw.nurhafeza@umt.edu.my,  ^enoor_azida@umt.edu.my,  ^fnoor_azida@umt.edu.my

This article is based on the data collected from a language program designed to enable undergraduates to use and improve their English vocabulary and communication skills while playing four language games creatively developed and implemented in a non-formal learning context. A total of 111 low-proficiency ESL learners participated in the program. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that contained items measuring their perceptions towards the effectiveness of the program and how it influenced their affective and cognitive personal attributes. Descriptive analysis of the data gathered revealed that a high percentage of the participants enjoyed the program and found it to be effective in enhancing their language skills. The results also showed that the language game-based program managed to boost the participants’ interest, motivation and confidence to communicate in English, and that it made them more engaged in learning and thinking critically. Pages 181 to 196

The Effect of Physical Learning Environment on Students’ Achievement, and the Role of Students’ Attitude as Mediator

Che Mohd Zaid^a, Zawawi Ismail^b, Mohammad Rusdi Ab Majid^c, Mohd Alauddin Othman^d, Abdul Wahid Salleh^e, ^aUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), ^bUniversiti Malaya (UM), ^cInstitut Pendidikan Guru Dato’ Razali Ismail (IPGKDRI), ^d,eUniversiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Email: ^acmzaid@umt.edu.my,  ^bzawawiismail@um.edu.my,  ^csedie2003@yahoo.com,  ^dmohdalauddin@unisza.edu.my,  ^ewahdahhabibi@unisza.edu.my

The physical learning environment plays an important role in the teaching and learning process, helping to improve students’ command of the Arabic language. In Malaysia, students’ command of the language is still low, so there is a need to examine the factors that influence students’ command of the Arabic language, because good command of the language is an indicator of students’ success. This study examined the influence of physical learning environment on students’ achievement and the role of students’ attitude as a mediator in the relationship between the physical learning environment and students’ achievement. A quantitative research method was used. The data were collected by distributing questionnaires adapted from previous studies. A total of 494 students at eight Malaysian public universities offering undergraduate programs in the Arabic language were involved in the study. The methods of data analysis used were descriptive and inferential. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were also carried out. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS-22) and the Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (Smart-PLS 3) software. Based on the results, the study found that the physical learning environment positively and significantly influenced students’ achievement, and that students’ attitude mediated the relationship between the physical learning environment and students’ achievement. Pages 197 to 209

Entrepreneurial Financial Practices in Pakistan: The Role of Access to Finance and Financial Literacy

Mohd Zukime Bin Hj. Mat Junoh^a, Mohamad Helmi bin Hidthiir^b*, Muhammad Farhan Basheer^c, ^aSchool of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pengkalan Jaya, ^b,cSchool of Economics, Finance, and Banking university Utara, Malaysia, Email: ^b*m.helmi@uum.edu.my

The main purpose of this study is examine entrepreneurial financial practices in Pakistan. The research has employed, resource-based view to analyse the impact of entrepreneur orientation on SMEs performance. Moreover, the role of access to finance has been analysed as a mediator in the relation between the performance of SMEs and entrepreneur orientation. Finally, the moderating role of financial literacy in the relationship between access to finance and firm performance of SMEs is examined. The study has employed a survey-based methodology to answer the research questions. The partial least square is used to analyse the data. A total of 441 questionnaires were received with complete responses, a response rate of 63 per cent. The study concludes that the impact of individual components of entrepreneur orientation on performance and access to debt is neglected in this approach. Financial literacy is one factor that can help the owner of an SME to decide the optimum financial level and also help them to devise strategies for fundraising. The study, which is among the pioneering studies on the issue, provides policy guidelines to entrepreneurs and researchers with regard to understanding the finance-related issues relevant to entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Pages 210 to 231

A Sociolinguistic Study of Code Switching Among Overseas Indonesian Students on Facebook Comments

Ervina C.M. Simatupang^a, Shendy Amalia^b, ^a,bFaculty of Business Management, Widyatama University, Bandung, Email: ^aervina.simatupang@widyatama.ac.id,  ^bshendy.amalia@widyatama.ac.id

This aim of this study is to examine the use of code switching on Facebook comments. This study investigates the types of code switching that occurred on the Facebook comments of overseas Indonesian students, the shifts of code switching between female and male students, and the reasons why overseas Indonesian students use code switching. The study respondents were overseas Indonesian students who had already signed up as Facebook users. A qualitative approach using descriptive methods was used. The data were analysed using the theory developed, which identifies the types of code switching on Facebook comments and the shifts of code switching between female and male on Facebook comments (Holmes, 1995). The reasons why overseas Indonesian students switched code on Facebook comments were analysed by using theory about the differences between females and males when using code switching (Lakoff, 2005) and theory about types of code switching that occur on Facebook comments: intersentential switching, intrasentential switching and tag switching (Hoffman, 1991). Intrasentential code switching is used at the maximal scale on Facebook comments. This study shows that there are differences between the use of endearment words such as ‘baby’, ‘dear’ and ‘honey’. While the expectation was that these terms would be used more frequently by females, in fact males used them more frequently. Five reasons for code-switching were discovered on Facebook comments: real lexical need, expressing group identity, softening or strengthening request or command, talking about a particular topic, and showing solidarity. Pages 232 to 237

Factors Affecting Director Remuneration: A Study of Manufacturing Companies Listed on ASEAN State Stock Exchanges

Jamaluddin Majid^a, Mediaty^b, Abd Hamid Habbe^c, Herryanto^d, Bayu Taufiq Possumah^e, ^aUniversitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia, ^b,c,dUniversitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia, ^eFaculty of Business, Economic and Social Development Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Email: ^aJamaluddin.majid@uin-alauddin.ac.id,  ^bmediaty_unhas@yahoo.co.id, ^chamidhabbe@fe.unhas.ac.id,  ^dendhyharryanto@gmail.com, ^ebtaufiq@gmail.com 

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of financial distress, rewards and company performance using return on assets (ROA), managerial ownership, ownership concentration, directors’ composition and leverage on directors’ remuneration with company size, leverage and company age as control variables. The study population comprised manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sector listed on the ASEAN state stock exchange. The study used a purposive sampling method. The sample number consisted of 68 manufacturing companies. The data used are secondary data obtained from ASEAN state stock exchanges. Data analysis used multiple linear regression. The results indicate that ROA, managerial ownership, ownership concentration, firm size and leverage have a significant effect on directors’ remuneration, while financial distress, reward, company age and state have no significant effect on directors’ remuneration. The implications of study mean that boards of directors can conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the directors’ remuneration system by establishing a team that has the authority to provide input and formulation of a remuneration system that meets the principle of fairness. Pages 238 to 250

Factors Affecting Turnover Intention

Indra Taruna, Universitas Widyatama , Indonesia

Email: indra.taruna@widyatama.ac.id

Building a Learning Society in the Design Field for Batik Craftworkers in Indonesia

Luthfi Nurwandi^a, Ishak Abdulhak^b, Endang Sumantri^c, Jajat S Ardiwinata^d, ^aDepartement of Industrial Engineering, University of Widyatama, Bandung, Indonesia, ^b,c,dDepartment of Non Formal Education, University of Indonesia Education, Bandung, Indonesia, Email: ^a*luthfi.nurwandi@widyatama.ac.id

Design has become an important issue in the era of competition, especially in Indonesia, which articulated that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) were one of its pillars, in order to build the national economy. Attractive conditions were provided for SMEs in the textile industry, a sub-sector of which is the batik industry, which produces a distinctive cloth that characterises the culture of the nation of Indonesia, and has been recognised by UNESCO by being named one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in the nation of Indonesia. With regard to the UNESCO award, it is important to focus on the batik craftsmen to realise that batik design is recognised globally. Thus it is vital to increase awareness of efforts by craftsmen to develop competency standards for batik design in order to compete in the global world. By drawing attention to batik craftworkers, this article proposes a model that leverages batik craftsmen striving to make batik design, with attention to adult learning characteristics, the performance characteristics of batik design in an era of competition and efforts to build a learning society. Pages 262 to 277

Marketing Strategy Planning: Positioning to Improve the Number of Students in a Visual Communication Design Faculty

Marisa Astuti^a, Mohd Haizam Mohd Saudi^b, Obsatar Sinaga^c, ^a,bWidyatama University, ^cPadjadjaran University, Email: ^amarisa.astuti@widyatama.ac.id, ^bhaizam@widyatama.ac.id,  

Internal Control of Hotel Tax Management in Optimizing the Original Revenue Income in the Pangandaran District

Thomas Bustomi^a, Bambang Heru^b, Subur Dwiono^c,^a,b,c Universitas Pasundan, Email: Thomas.bustomi@unpas.ac.id, bambangherupurwanto@unpas.ac.id, dwiono.subur@yahoo.com

Analysis of the Effect of Breakfast on Concentration Levels and Student Achievement

Qomariyatus Sholihah^a, Wahyudi Kuncoro^b, Sisilia Puni Suwandi^c, ^a,cIndustrial Engineering Department, Brawijaya University, Brawijaya University, Indonesia, ^bMMRS Study Program Graduate and RSI Unisma, Malang, Indonesia, Email: ^aqomariyatus@ub.ac.id,  ^bwahyudikuncoro@gmail.com,  ^csisiliapuni25@gmail.com

Analysis of Smk3 Application in a Hospital Using the FTA Method

Qomariyatus Sholihah^a, Imam Luthfansa^b, Abdul Hakim^c, Wahyudi Kuncoro^d, ^a,bIndustrial Engineering Brawijaya University, Indonesia, Email: ^aqomariyatus@ub.ac.id,  ^bimamluthfansa1@gmail.com